Table 5.
Free amino acid composition (µg/g) of red bean seeds and sprouts cultivated for 7 days after seed soaked for 12 h
| Amino acid | Cultivara | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RB-A | RB-G | RB-C | ||||
| Seed | Sprout | Seed | Sprout | Seed | Sprout | |
| Essential amino acid | ||||||
| l-Threonine | 47.23 ± 3.11b | 952.63 ± 46.03 | 45.49 ± 2.89 | 1181.66 ± 53.66 | 44.55 ± 2.91 | 1164.96 ± 87.13 |
| l-Valine | 68.07 ± 6.05 | 2337.25 ± 174.07 | 53.73 ± 4.33 | 2970.12 ± 1.45 | 66.19 ± 5.22 | 3196.67 ± 177.31 |
| l-Methionine | 15.18 ± 1.03 | 352.94 ± 28.05 | 12.94 ± 1.06 | 490.49 ± 30.05 | 12.64 ± 1.07 | 491.09 ± 38.04 |
| l-Isoleucine | 34.45 ± 1.06 | 1424.02 ± 113.94 | 27.21 ± 1.43 | 1968.00 ± 143.01 | 31.65 ± 2.11 | 2011.53 ± 107.53 |
| l-Leucine | 20.44 ± 1.08 | 1386.14 ± 108.92 | 17.60 ± 0.88 | 1923.02 ± 151.18 | 21.36 ± 1.91 | 1851.61 ± 100.32 |
| l-Phenylalanine | 99.74 ± 6.07 | 1603.64 ± 88.13 | 50.17 ± 3.99 | 2708.63 ± 161.89 | 83.14 ± 6.00 | 2728.58 ± 183.07 |
| l-Lysine | 74.68 ± 6.02 | 1430.35 ± 99.03 | 66.37 ± 5.06 | 1949.56 ± 139.06 | 67.63 ± 4.04 | 2139.76 ± 127.05 |
| l-Histidine | 209.60 ± 11.02 | 2384.04 ± 153.56 | 217.92 ± 8.73 | 2781.18 ± 164.03 | 216.96 ± 13.04 | 3084.54 ± 204.89 |
| Sub-total | 359.79 | 9486.97 | 273.51 | 13,191.48 | 327.16 | 13,584.2 |
| Non-essential amino acid | ||||||
| L-Asparitic acid | 636.69 ± 23.66 | 1378.48 ± 132.70 | 626.02 ± 49.42 | 1882.95 ± 0.29 | 610.29 ± 6.55 | 1775.71 ± 150.63 |
| l-Serine | 38.01 ± 2.01 | 1700.02 ± 129.93 | 23.05 ± 3.79 | 2065.54 ± 173.99 | 38.87 ± 3.22 | 2027.32 ± 165.71 |
| l-Glutamic acid | 1660.58 ± 83.11 | 2363.79 ± 201.38 | 1337.45 ± 117.99 | 2341.80 ± 211.50 | 1650.17 ± 138.79 | 2320.94 ± 183.24 |
| Glycine | 48.19 ± 1.62 | 191.83 ± 28.70 | 37.65 ± 2.39 | 240.98 ± 13.46 | 42.57 ± 4.97 | 234.12 ± 24.13 |
| l-Alanine | 140.53 ± 6.56 | 1087.94 ± 75.88 | 104.59 ± 7.73 | 1005.38 ± 2.01 | 117.80 ± 11.90 | 1049.72 ± 73.13 |
| l-Tyrosine | 44.79 ± 0.63 | 989.60 ± 55.55 | 50.44 ± 4.73 | 1466.62 ± 108.49 | 47.38 ± 4.58 | 1374.51 ± 119.80 |
| l-Arginine | 2208.41 ± 121.93 | 3928.33 ± 264.77 | 2338.84 ± 150.81 | 4874.59 ± 301.92 | 1745.27 ± 124.60 | 4440.77 ± 297.67 |
| Proline | 111.76 ± 8.33 | 654.26 ± 92.78 | 50.68 ± 3.03 | 750.52 ± 81.85 | 116.32 ± 8.09 | 836.24 ± 100.59 |
| Sub-total | 4777.2 | 11,639.99 | 4518.04 | 13,877.86 | 4252.35 | 13,223.09 |
| Other amino acid | ||||||
| O-Phospho-l-serine | 60.79 ± 6.80 | 102.73 ± 5.11 | 62.26 ± 4.38 | 95.11 ± 1.92 | 57.03 ± 1.86 | 116.68 ± 2.21 |
| Taurine | 92.85 ± 5.01 | 196.48 ± 8.68 | 142.52 ± 11.46 | 207.89 ± 18.54 | 143.12 ± 10.94 | 306.99 ± 21.55 |
| O-Phospho ethanol amine | 83.24 ± 3.69 | 266.34 ± 21.46 | NDc | 271.26 ± 1.80 | ND | 330.99 ± 1.64 |
| l-Sarcosine | 49.64 ± 2.87 | ND | 28.70 ± 1.66 | ND | 35.41 ± 3.59 | ND |
| l-α-Amino asipic acid | 151.39 ± 8.81 | 437.96 ± 37.98 | 138.28 ± 8.00 | 470.70 ± 33.32 | 142.80 ± 11.86 | 472.49 ± 24.99 |
| l-Citrulline | ND3) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| l-α-Amino-n-butyric acid | 83.54 ± 5.64 | ND | 48.94 ± 3.84 | ND | 68.56 ± 5.83 | ND |
| l-Cystine | 268.53 ± 12.64 | 316.65 ± 31.54 | 339.43 ± 24.65 | 331.83 ± 21.46 | 349.92 ± 34.69 | 411.94 ± 40.13 |
| Cystathionine | ND | 7.40 ± 1.11 | 20.27 ± 0.73 | ND | 17.75 ± 1.75 | ND |
| β-Alanine | 44.96 ± 3.99 | 94.57 ± 4.58 | 48.72 ± 2.48 | 114.42 ± 4.87 | 42.14 ± 3.87 | 130.24 ± 9.18 |
| d,l-β-Amino isobutyric acid | 28.88 ± 1.94 | 30.58 ± 2.76 | 24.08 ± 1.99 | 25.94 ± 2.10 | 24.89 ± 1.88 | 30.26 ± 1.11 |
| γ-Amino-n-butyric acid | 39.66 | 1051.36 | 26.04 | 589.14 | 46.83 | 1311.60 |
| Ethanolamin | 40.66 ± 3.13 | 196.88 ± 16.54 | 31.91 ± 3.78 | 222.37 ± 19.42 | 36.92 ± 4.54 | 278.70 ± 25.00 |
| Hydroxylysine | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| l-Ornithine | 25.98 ± 2.63 | 20.36 ± 2.21 | 18.88 ± 1.49 | 21.03 ± 2.92 | 18.30 ± 1.85 | 26.36 ± 2.33 |
| 1-Methyl-l-histidine | ND | 34.78 ± 1.87 | ND | 50.28 ± 3.44 | ND | ND |
| 3-Methyl-l-histidine | 1.86 ± 0.52 | ND | 1.37 ± 0.16 | 4.73 ± 0.91 | 1.99 ± 0.36 | 5.52 ± 1.19 |
| l-Anserine | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| l-Carnosine | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Hydroxy proline | 136.54 ± 12.18 | 96.18 ± 3.87 | 118.32 ± 7.64 | 74.30 ± 5.10 | 179.32 ± 10.13 | 90.91 ± 6.46 |
| Sub-total | 1111.52 | 2852.27 | 1049.72 | 2479.00 | 1164.98 | 3512.68 |
| Total free amino acids | 7836.49 | 29,567.08 | 7489.91 | 36,070.99 | 7206.26 | 37,609.09 |
aRB-A, ‘Arari’; RB-G, ‘Geomguseul’; RB-C, ‘Chungju’
bValues are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of two replications
cND non-detected