Table 2.

The upper and lower airways characteristics of participants stratified according to the presence or absence of asthma.

	All participants (n = 84, except where noted)	Asthma (n = 20)	W/o asthma (n = 36)	Healthy subjects (n = 28)	p valuea	p valueb A vs W/o A	p valueb A vs H	p valueb W/o A vs H
Upper airway indices
Open essence scores, points	7 (0, 11)	1 (0, 8)	6 (0, 10)	9 (4, 12)	<0.0001	0.029	<0.0001	0.001
SNOT-22, points	15 (0, 66)	28 (11, 62)	24 (4, 77)	2 (0, 8)	<0.0001	0.99	<0.0001	<0.0001
Lund-Mackay scores, pointsc	12 (4, 21)	15 (10, 23)	10 (4, 20)	N/A	N/A	0.006e	N/A	N/A
The presence of nasal polyp, n (%)c	38 (50)	19 (95)	19 (53)	N/A	N/A	0.001e	N/A	N/A
Eosinophils in nasal polyp, HPF	85 (0, 423)	123 (30, 423)	16 (0, 310)	N/A	N/A	0.003e	N/A	N/A
Eosinophils in sinus tissue, HPFd	66 (0, 595)	95 (38, 743)	35 (0, 501)	N/A	N/A	0.027e	N/A	N/A
Lower airway indices
Sputum periostin, ng/mLf	7.1 (0.4, 42.3)	19.4 (4.4, 55.7)	8.6 (0.2, 37.1)	1.6 (0.4, 5.9)	<0.0001	0.019	<0.0001	0.002
eosinophils, %f	0 (0, 61)	12 (1, 81)	0 (0, 6)	0 (0, 3)	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.72
neutrophils, %f	74 (6, 96)	51 (4, 95)	82 (33, 97)	48 (0, 85)	0.0001	0.021	0.83	0.0001
FeNO, ppbg	25.8 (10.9, 80.4)	50.4 (26.7, 91.7)	24.1 (6.5, 79.1)	20.6 (15.3, 34.9)	<0.0001	0.0004	<0.0001	0.36
FEV1, % predicted	93.2 (69.8, 119.3)	84.5 (53.1, 102.2)	97.1 (70.5, 121.5)	97.9 (77.7, 119.2)	0.006	0.031	0.005	0.76

A: asthma, w/o A: without asthma, H: healthy subjects, SNOT-22: sino-nasal outcome test-22, HPF: high power field.

^aAnalyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test.

^bAnalyzed by Steel-Dwass analysis.

^cn = 56.

^dSinus tissue samples were taken from 54 patients.

^eAnalyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Fisher's exact test.

^fSputum samples were obtained from 65 participants (31 with CRSwNP, 14 with CRSsNP, and 20 controls).

^gFeNO was measured in 83 participants except for one with CRSwNP. Data were presented as median (5th percentile, 95th percentile)