Table 2.

Infrascanner clinical studies with children. The total number of patients is 578, and the total number of hematomas is 43.

Study	Type	Patients ($N$)	Method of selection	NIRS	CT	ICH	Results
Robertson et al. (USA and India)19	Multicenter study (four centers in USA and one in India)	36	Admitted to emergency room with TBI and were sent for a head CT	Model 1000 Evaluated within 40 min of CT	All patients received CT	5	$\text{Sensitivity}=100\%$ $\text{Specificity}=93.5\%$ $\mathrm{PPV}=71.4\%$ $\mathrm{NPV}=100\%$
Coskun et al. (Turkey)21	Single center study	161	Admitted to emergency service with TBI	Model 1000 Evaluated prior to CT. No repeats for positive results.	All patients received CT.	14	$\text{Sensitivity}=85.7\%$ $\text{Specificity}=65.3\%$ $\mathrm{PPV}=19.0\%$ $\mathrm{NPV}=98\%$
Salonia et al. (USA)18	Single center, prospective, case–control study	28	Patient underwent CT as part of clinical care, not necessarily triggered by trauma	Model 1000 Evaluated within 24 h of CT	All 28 patients received CT	12	$\text{Sensitivity}=100\%$ $\text{Specificity}=81.3\%$ $\mathrm{PPV}=80\%$ $\mathrm{NPV}=100\%$
Bressan et al. (Italy)17	Dual center, prospective observational study	103	Minor head injury children presenting with intermediate or high risk for intracranial injury according to PECARN	Model 1000	18 The rest were followed on the phone 7 to 90 days later to exclude initially missed hematoma.	1	$\text{Sensitivity}=100\%$ $\text{Specificity}=93.1\%$ $\mathrm{PPV}=12.5\%$ $\mathrm{NPV}=100\%$
Semenova et al. (Russia)14	Single center study	95	Presented with mild TBI (GCS 13 to 15)	Model 1000	42 medium-high risk patients	8	$\text{Sensitivity}=100\%$ $\text{Specificity}=92\%$ $\mathrm{PPV}=53.3\%$ $\mathrm{NPV}=100\%$
Lewartowska-Nyga et al. (Poland)22	Single center study	155	Presenting with mild head injury (i.e., no focal or meningeal signs, and GCS score of 14 to 15)	Model 1000 Evaluated up to 72 h postinjury	28 The rest were followed for 2 months’ postenrollment	3	$\text{Sensitivity}=66.7\%$ $\text{Specificity}=98.7\%$ $\mathrm{PPV}=50\%$ $\mathrm{NPV}=99.3\%$
Total		$N=578$				$N=43$	$\text{Sensitivity}=93\%$ $\text{Specificity}=86.5\%$