Wan 2016.
| Methods | RCT | |
| Participants | Recruited from neurology departments of 2 major general hospitals in Guangzhou, China Inclusion criteria: age above 35 years, hospitalisation within 1 month from the onset of ischaemic stroke as diagnosed by neuroimaging (CT or MRI) based on Chinese Neuroscience Society criteria, previous independence in daily activities, score of 0 to 3 on the mRS at discharge and upon returning home following discharge, and ability to communicate and provide informed consent Exclusion criteria: a history of cardio‐embolic infarction, Wernicke's aphasia, cognitive impairment, a history of severe liver or kidney disease, and any known malignancy or other neurological diseases Age, years: intervention group mean (SD) 59.07 (12.36), control group 60.24 (12.57) Gender: intervention group 75% men, control group 68% men Time post‐stroke: not reported |
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| Interventions | Telerehabilitation intervention: structured guideline‐based, goal‐setting programme for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke. The telephone follow‐up sessions were conducted by stroke nurses and consisted of goal‐setting advice focused on selected areas. Participants set measurable behavioural goals and developed action plans. Participants received the same stroke education as the control group with an additional 3 telephone follow‐up calls at 1 week, and at 1 and 3 months after discharge, each lasting 15 to 20 minutes, to promote self‐management techniques and maintenance of behavioural improvements. Control intervention: usual care and education |
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| Outcomes | Timing of outcome assessment: baseline, 3 months, 6 months Measures: Chinese version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II; mRS score |
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| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Computer‐generated sequence |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Sealed opaque envelope |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Blinded outcome assessment |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Withdrawal in both groups and reporting of details unclear |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Registered with clinical trial registry and outcomes reported |
| Other bias | Low risk | No other sources of bias noted |
ADL: activities of daily living BBA: Brunel Balance Assessment CES: Center for Epidemiologic Studies CT: computerised tomography EQ5D: Euroqol 5 Dimensions ETNS: Electromyography triggered neuromuscular stimulation FIM: Functional Independence Measure fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging FITT: Family Interventon Telephone Tracking GP: general practitioner HCAD: Home Care Activity Device IHMD: In home messaging device IQR: interquartile range ITT: intention‐to‐treat LTCF: Long term care facility MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment MOS: Medical Outcomes Study MRI: magnetic resonance imaging mRS: modified Rankin Scale NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale PHQ‐9: Patient Health Questionnaire 9 PTA: physical therapist A PTB: physical therapist B RCT: randomised controlled trial ROM: range of movement SD: standard deviation SE: standard error SF‐12: Short Form 12 SF‐36: Short Form 36 U/E: Upper Extremity WebEx: (communications platform) WHOQOL‐BREF: World Health Organisation Quality of Life ‐ BREF tool