Fig. 5.

Knock-out (KO) of TSP-1 in FD-1-iPSCs using the CRISPR/CAS9 system. (a) No transcriptional expression of THBS1 in FD-1-TSP-1^−/− VECs. The data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3). * p < 0.05. (b) Decreased p-SMAD2 in FD-1-TSP-1^−/− VECs. FD-1-TSP-1^−/− VECs show enhanced expression of KDR and eNOS but reduced SMAD2 signaling. The data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 2). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. (c) Tube-like structure formation in FD-1-TSP-1^−/− VECs. Knockout of TSP-1 restores tube-like structure formation in FD-1-VECs. Scale bar, 200 μm.