Figure 1.

Study overview. (A) The right femoral artery was ligated to mimic PAD. The animals were serially evaluated for angiogenesis (targeted at α_Vβ₃) and hypoxia (targeted at HIF-1α), measures of blood perfusion (using US, LSCI, and PA). At days three, seven and 14, skeletal muscle tissue was extracted for immunohistochemistry experiments (denoted Tissue). (B) The animal numbers used in various experiments. (C) Imaging plane for ultrasonic Power-Doppler imaging (deep-tissue perfusion), photoacoustic imaging (PA, blood oxygenation) represented by (1), Imaging plane for scintigraphy imaging (angiogenesis, hypoxia), laser speckle-contrast imaging (LSCI, shallow-tissue perfusion) represented by (2).