Table 5.

Reduction in HRQOL sub-scales explained by the direct (pain intensity) and indirect (self-efficacy) effects presented as percentage (%)

HRQOL sub-scales:	Direct effect (%)	Indirect effect (%)
Physical well-being	32.8	67.2*
Psychological well-being	70.3	29.7*
Mood	60.5	39.5*
Self-perception	55.8	44.2*
Autonomy	56.5	43.5*
Relationship with parents	74.6	25.4
Financial relationship	86.2	13.8
Social support	85.7	14.3
School environment	70.4	29.6*
Bullying	–	–

p < 0.05*