TABLE 3.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes
| Prenatal Surgery | Postnatal Surgery | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD or Frequency (%) | n | Mean ± SD or Frequency (%) | RR (95% CI) | P | |
| Height or length, cm | 76 | 120.6 ± 10.9 | 77 | 116.8 ± 9.7 | — | .04 |
| Functional assessments | ||||||
| FRESNO % of maximum total scorea | 76 | 92 ± 9 | 78 | 85 ± 18 | — | <.001 |
| Walking status | 73 | 74 | — | <.001b | ||
| Walking without orthotics | — | 21 (29) | — | 8 (11) | — | — |
| Walking with orthotics only | — | 31 (42) | — | 25 (34) | — | — |
| Walking with assistive device | — | 16 (22) | — | 26 (35) | — | — |
| Unable to walk | — | 5 (7) | — | 15 (20) | — | — |
| Neurosurgeries (since birth) | ||||||
| Shunt placed | 78 | 38 (49) | 82 | 70 (85) | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | <.001 |
| Shunt revision | 78 | 18 (23) | 82 | 49 (60) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | <.001 |
| Tethered cord release | 79 | 23 (27) | 82 | 12 (15) | 2.0 (1.1–3.7) | .03 |
| Chiari decompression | 79 | 3 (4) | 82 | 9 (11) | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | .13 |
| MRI findings | ||||||
| Hindbrain herniation | 66 | 40 (61) | 62 | 54 (87) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | <.001 |
| Syringomyelia | 63 | 37 (59) | 59 | 48 (81) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | .007 |
| Epidermoid cyst | 63 | 7 (11) | 58 | 2 (3) | 3.2 (0.7–14.9) | .17 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD with P value from Wilcoxon test or n (%) with P value from χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. CI = confidence interval; RR, relative risk; —, not applicable.
a
Maximum score for 34 items addressing self-care and motor skills is 68.
b
Cochrane-Armitage test for trend.