TABLE 4.
Parental Questionnaire Outcomes
| Prenatal Surgery | Postnatal Surgery | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD | n | Mean ± SD | P | |
| Parkin Spina Bifida Health-Related Qualitya of Life | 76 | 0.15 ± 0.67 | 78 | 0.11 ± 0.73 | .008 |
| SNAP- IV | |||||
| Inattentionb | 78 | 1.14 ± 0.65 | 78 | 1.03 ± 0.63 | .51 |
| Hyperactivity-impulsivityb | 78 | 0.63 ± 0.48 | 78 | 0.58 ± 0.50 | .34 |
| Oppositional defianceb | 78 | 0.68 ± 0.64 | 78 | 0.53 ± 0.48 | .22 |
| BRIEF | |||||
| Global executive compositec | 75 | 54.3 ± 10.6 | 78 | 52.2 ± 10.5 | .20 |
| Behavioral regulation indexc | 76 | 50.3 ± 10.9 | 79 | 50.1 ± 11.2 | — |
| Metacognition indexc | 75 | 56.4 ± 11.3 | 78 | 53.3 ± 10.6 | — |
| CBCL | |||||
| Internalizing compositec | 77 | 47.0 ± 10.8 | 79 | 46.2 ± 10.5 | .67 |
| Externalizing compositec | 77 | 41.3 ± 9.9 | 79 | 39.0 ± 7.9 | .21 |
| Impact on familyd | |||||
| Total impact | 78 | 32.5 ± 7.8 | 78 | 37.0 ± 8.9 | .002 |
| Financial impact | 78 | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 78 | 5.7 ± 2.4 | — |
| Familial and/or social impact | 78 | 14.3 ± 3.7 | 78 | 16.1 ± 4.2 | — |
| Personal strain | 78 | 16.5 ± 4.6 | 78 | 18.8 ± 4.9 | — |
| Mastery (lack of) | 78 | 6.0 ± 1.9 | 78 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | — |
Data are presented as mean ± SD with P values from the Wilcoxon test. —, not applicable.
a
z score based on the population mean for 5- to 12-y-old children 168 ± 24.21
b
Ten items for each subscale rated on a 4-point scale from 0 (“not at all”) to 3 (“very much”) and averaged. These mean scores are well below clinically significant levels.
c
T score metric mean 50; SD 10.
d
Items are rated on a 4-point scale from 1 (“strongly agree”) to 4 (“strongly disagree”). Low scores indicate low impact. For total impact, financial impact, familial and/or social impact, personal strain, and lack of mastery, minimum and maximum scores are 19, 76; 3, 12; 9, 36; 10, 40; and 4, 16, respectively.