Table 2.
Estimated means and standard errors/95% confidence intervals for primary and secondary outcomes (n = 205)
| Baseline | Change from baseline to 6 months | Change from baseline to 12 months | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enhanced | Standard | Enhanced | Standard | Enhanced | Standard | |
| Primary Outcomes | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 37.8 ± 0.7 | 37.0 ± 0.7 | − 0.3 (− 0.7,-0.02) | − 0.7 (− 1.0, − 0.4) | − 0.3 (− 0.7, 0.2) | − 0.5 (− 1.0, − 0.1) |
| Percentage of participants with 5% weight loss | N/A | N/A | 10.4 (4.4, 22.7) | 20.7 (10.3, 37.1) | 18.3 (9.0, 33.5) | 23.7 (12.3, 40.7) |
| Secondary Outcomes | ||||||
| SF-12 | ||||||
| Physical component | 40.2 ± 1.3 | 41.5 ± 1.3 | 3.1 (1.0, 5.2) | 3.0 (0.9, 5.1) | 2.9 (0.7, 5.2) | 2.2 (−0.1, 4.5) |
| Mental component | 48.0 ± 1.2 | 47.1 ± 1.2 | 1.7 (− 1.0, 4.3) | 1.5 (− 1.1, 4.2) | 0.3 (− 2.4, 3.0) | 2.0 (− 0.7, 4.7) |
| Behavioral outcomes | ||||||
| Diet | ||||||
| Healthy | 22.8 ± 0.5 | 22.6 ± 0.5 | 0.4 (− 0.7, 1.5) | − 0.6 (− 1.7, 0.5) | −0.4 (− 1.6, 0.9) | 0.4 (− 0.9, 1.7) |
| Unhealthy | 35.4 ± 1.0* | 37.9 ± 1.0* | − 2.51 (− 4.4, − 0.6) | −4.6 (− 6.5, − 2.8) | − 0.7 (− 2.9, 1.4)* | −4.6 (− 6.8, − 2.5)* |
| Physical activity MET mins/week | 1540.6 ± 150.3 | 1389.1 ± 149.7 | − 23.5 (− 314.8, 267.8) | −94.3 (− 386.2, 197.6) | − 241.6 (− 591.9, 108.7) | 144.6 (− 207.6, 496.8) |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||||
| Waist circumference, in | 47.2 ± 0.7 | 47.1 ± 0.7 | − 2.1 (− 2.8, − 1.4) | − 2.7 (− 3.4, − 2) | − 1.8 (− 2.6, − 1) | −2.5 (− 3.2, − 1.7) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 125.3 ± 1.9 | 125.8 ± 1.9 | −5.5 (− 8.7, − 2.2) | − 2.8 (− 5.9, 0.3) | − 4.1 (− 7.4, − 0.8) | −2.6 (− 5.8, 0.6) |
| DBP, mm Hg | 80.0 ± 1.3 | 78.8 ± 1.3 | −4.4 (− 6.6, − 2.2) | −0.5 (− 2.7, 1.6) | − 1.2 (− 3.6, 1.2) | 0.05 (−2.3, 2.4) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 101.0 ± 1.3 | 99.5 ± 1.3 | 1.9 (− 0.7, 4.4) | 2.3 (− 0.2, 4.7) | 5.0 (1.9, 8.0) | 4.9 (1.9, 7.8) |
| HDL, mg/dL | 46.5 ± 1.6 | 46.9 ± 1.6 | 0.03 (− 1.9, 1.9) | 1.0 (− 0.8, 2.8) | 0.7 (− 1.5, 3) | 0.7 (− 1.5, 3) |
| LDL, mg/dL | 102.9 ± 3.5 | 100.2 ± 3.5 | 1.6 (− 3.9, 7) | −0.5 (− 5.7, 4.7) | 4.5 (− 2.9, 11.9) | 2.8 (− 4.3, 9.9) |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 134.0 ± 8.7 | 146.9 ± 8.8 | 13.2 (− 4.2, 30.7) | −2.0 (− 19.0, 15.0) | 21.7 (1.8, 41.7) | − 2.9 (− 22.5, 16.6) |
| Psychosocial outcomes | ||||||
| CES-D | 12.2 ± 1.1 | 13.9 ± 1.2 | 0.04 (− 2.2, 2.3) | −2.3 (− 4.6, − 0.1) | −0.1 (− 2.7, 2.6) | −1.2 (− 3.8, 1.5) |
| Empowerment | ||||||
| Emotional empowerment | 47.1 ± 1.1 | 46.2 ± 1.1 | − 0.4 (− 2.7, 1.9) | 0.2 (−2, 2.5) | 0.9 (− 1.5, 3.2) | −0.3 (− 2.7, 2) |
| Inner peace | 27.7 ± 0.6 | 27.1 ± 0.7 | −0.6 (− 2, 0.8) | 0.2 (−1.1, 1.6) | 0.4 (− 1, 1.8) | −0.2 (− 1.6, 1.2) |
| Self-capacity | 11.5 ± 0.4 | 11.3 ± 0.4 | 0.1 (− 0.6, 0.8) | −0.2 (− 0.8, 0.5) | 0.2 (− 0.6, 0.9) | −0.3 (− 1.1, 0.4) |
| Scenarios | 57.1 ± 1.7 | 59.9 ± 1.8 | −1.9 (− 5.1, 1.3) | −2.3 (− 5.6, 1) | −2.1 (− 5.3, 1.2) | 0.2 (− 3.1, 3.5) |
| Healing | 33.5 ± 1.1 | 35.1 ± 1.1 | − 1.4 (− 3.5, 0.6) | −1.6 (− 3.6, 0.5) | −1.9 (− 4, 0.1) | − 0.3 (− 2.4, 1.7) |
| Connection | 23.6 ± 0.8 | 24.9 ± 0.8 | −0.5 (− 2.0, 1.0) | −0.7 (− 2.2, 0.8) | −0.1 (− 1.7, 1.4) | 0.5 (−1.1, 2.1) |
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; DBP diastolic blood pressure; HDL high-density; lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N/A not applied; SBP systolic blood pressure; SF-12 Short Form 12 Health Survey
Boldface indicates between groups statistical significance (*P < 0.05)