TABLE 1.
Study Population by IOE
| IOE, n = 236 | No IOE, n = 11 098 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Race, % (n) | <.001 | ||
| White | 69.1 (163) | 34.8 (3865) | |
| African American | 15.7 (37) | 44.4 (4925) | |
| Asian American | 0 (0) | 2.9 (323) | |
| Other | 13.6 (32) | 13.8 (1532) | |
| Unknown | 1.7 (4) | 4.1 (453) | |
| Ethnicity, % (n) | .01 | ||
| Hispanic | 11.0 (26) | 12.5 (1387) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 88.6 (209) | 83.5 (9265) | |
| Unknown | 0.4 (1) | 4.0 (446) | |
| Insurance, % (n) | <0.001 | ||
| Medicaid | 97.9 (231) | 66.7 (7404) | |
| Private | 1.4 (4) | 32.8 (3645) | |
| Other or unknown | 0.4 (1) | 0.4 (49) | |
| Birth wt, g, mean | 3048.4 | 3353.1 | <.001b |
| Gestational age, wk, mean | 38.0 | 38.2 | .14b |
| Complex chronic condition, % (n) | 16.5 (39) | 15.9 (1762) | .78a |
| Child sex male, % (n) | 50.0 (118) | 51.9 (5763) | .56a |
| Area-level poverty, % | 17.5 | 15.9 | .02a |
| Metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan zip code, % (n) | 97.5 (230) | 95.2 (10 566) | .11a |
| Outcomes | |||
| WCC adherence, % (n) | |||
| Birth to 12 mo | 25.9 (61) | 54.7 (6068) | <.001a |
| 4–12 mo | 39.8 (94) | 58.2 (6459) | <.001a |
| 12–24 mo | 41.5 (98) | 57.5 (6377) | <.001a |
| ≥1 WCC gap, % (n) | 42.8 (101) | 27.8 (3085) | <.001a |
| No. nonroutine visits, median (IQR) | 9.5 (7–14) | 11 (8–15) | .005b |
| On-time immunization status,c % (n) | 83.9 (198) | 85.8 (9526) | .40a |
| Lead screening at 1 y, % (n) | 62.3 (147) | 52.9 (5875) | .004a |
Totals for some variables may not add to 100% because of missing data. IQR, interquartile range.
a
χ2 P value.
b
Wilcoxon rank test P value.
c
Receipt of the combined 7-vaccine series (4:3:1:3:3:1:4) by age 2 y per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which includes ≥4 doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine, ≥3 doses of the poliovirus vaccine, ≥1 dose of the measles-containing vaccine, ≥3 or ≥4 doses (depending on the product type) of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, ≥3 doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, ≥1 dose of the varicella vaccine, and ≥4 doses of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.