Table 3.
Comparison of phase contrast flow measures between MS patients and HCs
| AoS-derived measures | At baseline | At follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCs (n = 15) | MS (n = 35) | p-value HCs vs MS |
HCs (n = 15) | MS (n = 31) | p-value HCs vs. MS |
|
| Vmean systolic peak (cm/s) | 5.07 ± 2.29 | 5.73 ± 2.35 | 0.611 | 4.70 ± 1.91 | 5.40 ± 1.68 | 0.222 |
| Vmean diastolic peak (cm/s) | − 3.95 ± 2.31 | − 4.30 ± 1.45 | 0.639 | − 3.71 ± 2.21 | − 4.09 ± 1.16 | 0.408 |
| Vmax systolic peak (cm/s) | 9.08 ± 4.5 | 9.82 ± 3.48 | 0.817 | 9.22 ± 4.74 | 9.53 ± 2.87 | 0.834 |
| Vmax diastolic peak (cm/s) | − 6.5 ± 3.16 | − 7.32 ± 2.13 | 0.468 | − 6.76 ± 4.1 | − 7.82 ± 2.68 | 0.315 |
| Average area (mm2) | 2.53 ± 1.14 | 3.13 ± 1.18 | 0.325 | 2.57 ± 1.27 | 3.58 ± 1.55 | 0.045 |
| Flow rate systolic peak (ml/min) | 8.35 ± 5.85 | 10.61 ± 5.41 | 0.508 | 7.71 ± 5.02 | 11.75 ± 7.22 | 0.072 |
| Flow rate diastolic peak (ml/min) | − 6.60 ± 5.38 | − 7.92 ± 3.58 | 0.582 | − 6.32 ± 5.49 | − 9.10 ± 5.52 | 0.132 |
| Net vol caudal (µl/beat) | 37.01 ± 24.48 | 47.42 ± 26.23 | 0.534 | 29.59 ± 18.85 | 49.25 ± 33.63 | 0.052 |
| Net vol cranial (µl/beat) | − 36.91 ± 34.83 | − 40.7 ± 23.39 | 0.895 | − 32.49 ± 35.67 | − 44.58 ± 31.59 | 0.302 |
HCs healthy controls, MS multiple sclerosis, AoS Aqueduct of Sylvius, Vmean average velocity, Vmax maximal velocity
All measures are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age and sex was utilized. p-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and shown in bold italics where trending values are shown in italics