Fig. 8. Riboflavin secretion as measured with LC-MS. (a) Passage A demonstrates significant differences between the treated groups and the control. (b) Over multiple subsequent passages (average of B–E), the control differs from the ion- and NMC-treated samples, but these samples do not differ from one another. Statistical analysis performed with non-parametric one-way ANOVA with Tukey analysis as necessary (α = 0.05; ****p ≤ 0.0001; ***p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05).