Table 1.
Patient characteristics and unadjusted outcomes*
| Variable | Total (n = 1,603) | Localized (n = 675) | Dispersed (n = 928) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Hospital | |||
| 1 | 991 (62) | 421 (62) | 570 (61) |
| 2 | 332 (21) | 130 (19) | 202 (22) |
| 3 | 280 (18) | 124 (18) | 156 (17) |
| Age, median (IQR), yr | 60 (48–70) | 60 (48–68) | 61 (50–71) |
| Female | 819 (51) | 347 (51) | 472 (51) |
| Race | |||
| White | 846 (53) | 343 (51) | 503 (54) |
| Black | 657 (41) | 289 (43) | 368 (40) |
| Other† | 100 (6) | 43 (6) | 57 (6) |
| Latino/Hispanic | 52 (3) | 29 (4) | 23 (3) |
| Insurance | |||
| Private | 705 (44) | 306 (45) | 399 (43) |
| Medicare | 726 (45) | 300 (44) | 426 (46) |
| Medicaid | 87 (5) | 36 (5) | 51 (6) |
| Other‡ | 85 (5) | 33 (5) | 52 (6) |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score, median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (3–6) |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services severity risk adjustment | |||
| Mild | 71 (4) | 36 (5) | 35 (4) |
| Moderate | 335 (21) | 177 (26) | 158 (17) |
| Major | 570 (36) | 255 (38) | 315 (34) |
| Severe | 627 (39) | 207 (31) | 420 (45) |
| Admission diagnosis category | |||
| Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 575 (36) | 248 (37) | 327 (35) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 362 (23) | 182 (27) | 180 (19) |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 126 (8) | 42 (6) | 84 (9) |
| Infectious diseases | 107 (7) | 31 (5) | 76 (8) |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 100 (6) | 46 (7) | 54 (6) |
| Other§ | 333 (21) | 126 (19) | 207 (22) |
| Daily mean number of pulmonary service patients by hospital during the hospitalization, median (IQR) | 21 (7–27) | 22 (8–28) | 20 (7–26) |
| Code status—full | 1,266 (79) | 581 (86) | 685 (74) |
| Hospital admission source | |||
| Emergency department | 1,231 (77) | 544 (81) | 687 (74) |
| Outside facility | 280 (18) | 100 (15) | 180 (19) |
| Direct | 92 (6) | 31 (5) | 61 (7) |
| Ward admission source—intensive care unit | 712 (44) | 277 (41) | 435 (47) |
| Season | |||
| Winter | 407 (25) | 172 (26) | 235 (25) |
| Spring | 458 (29) | 180 (27) | 278 (30) |
| Summer | 429 (27) | 169 (25) | 260 (28) |
| Fall | 309 (19) | 154 (23) | 155 (17) |
| Outcomes (all patients) | |||
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), days | 7 (4–14) | 6 (3–10) | 8 (4–16) |
| In-hospital mortality | 151 (9) | 30 (4) | 121 (13) |
| Outcomes (survivors) | n = 1,452 | n = 645 | n = 807 |
| Discharge destination | |||
| Home | 1,088 (75) | 521 (81) | 567 (70) |
| Skilled nursing facility | 207 (14) | 66 (10) | 141 (17) |
| Hospice | 78 (5) | 25 (4) | 53 (7) |
| Rehabilitation facility | 39 (3) | 16 (2) | 23 (3) |
| Transferred to another acute care hospital | 17 (1) | 10 (2) | 7 (0.1) |
| Other|| | 23 (2) | 7 (1) | 16 (2) |
| 90-d hospital readmissions | 460 (32) | 208 (32) | 252 (31) |
Definition of abbreviation: IQR = interquartile range.
All values presented as n (%) except where otherwise specified.
Other includes: Asian; American Indian/Alaskan Native; Pacific Islander; mixed; unknown; other.
Other includes: workman’s compensation; self-pay; charity; enrolled in a study; hospice; veteran’s association; missing.
Other includes: neoplasms; diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism; mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders; diseases of the nervous system; diseases of the digestive system; diseases of the genitourinary system; pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium; diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue; congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities; injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes; factors influencing health status and contact with health services; multiple diagnoses. Each of these diagnoses represented <5% of the overall population, and was derived from International Classification of Diseases-9 and -10 codes.
Other includes: correctional facility; psychiatric facility; left against medical advice; user-defined code.