Table 2. HIV and STIs in the USA among transgender men and transgender women (n = 8).
STI, sexually transmissible infection
| Authors (year) | Location | Setting and design | Sample size | HIV prevalence | STI type and prevalence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-report (%) | Laboratory test (%) | Self-report (%) | Exam or test | ||||
| Studies including data on transgender men and transgender women (n = 3) | |||||||
| Stephens et al. 201126 | San Francisco, CA | Clinic/retrospective | transgender women = 223 | – | 11.20 | In the past 12 months: 2.7 rectal chlamydia; 0 urogenital chlamydia; 4.9 pharyngeal chlamydia; 6.5 rectal gonorrhoea; 1.8 urogenital gonorrhoea; 9.0 pharyngeal gonorrhoea; 1.8 syphilis | Diagnosis at visit: 4.2% rectal chlamydia; 0% urogenital chlamydia; 2.1% pharyngeal chlamydia; 6.3% rectal gonorrhoea; 2% urogenital gonorrhoea; 3.5% pharyngeal gonorrhoea; 2.4% syphilis morbidity; 4.2% syphilis titre |
| transgender men = 69 | – | 10.10 | In past 12 months: 4.4 rectal chlamydia; 4.4 urogenital chlamydia; 1.5 pharyngeal chlamydia; 4.4 rectal gonorrhoea; 2.9 urogenital gonorrhoea; 8.7 pharyngeal gonorrhoea; 1.5 syphilis | Diagnosis at visit: 11.1% rectal chlamydia; 4.2% urogenital chlamydia; 2.44% pharyngeal chlamydia; 3.7% rectal gonorrhoea; 0% urogenital gonorrhoea; 4.9% pharyngeal gonorrhoea; 2.1% syphilis morbidity; 4.2% syphilis titre | |||
| Green et al. 201527 | San Diego, CA | Clinic/retrospective | transgender women = 151 | – | 1.99 | 13.2 any STI; 9.9 chlamydia; 7.3 gonorrhoea; 2.6 syphilis | – |
| transgender men = 30 | – | 3.33 | 13.3 any STI; 0 chlamydia; 13.3 gonorrhoea; 3.33 syphilis | – | |||
| Reisner et al. 201528 | Boston, MA | Clinic/retrospective | transgender women = 63 | – | 7.90 | – | 3.2% chlamydia; 2.1% gonorrhoea; 4.8% syphilis; 3.2% hepatitis C; 3.2% human papillomavirus; 2.1% herpes simplex virus |
| transgender men = 82 | – | 2.40 | – | 1.2% chlamydia; 0.0% gonorrhoea; 1.2% syphilis; 2.4% hepatitis C; 0.0% human papillomavirus; 1.2% herpes simplex virus | |||
| Studies including data on transgender men only (n = 1) | |||||||
| Reisner et al. 201029 | Boston, MA | Venue-based recruitment strategies (including the Internet) and snowball/chain referral sampling/cross-sectional | 16 | 0 | – | 81.3 ever had a STI test; 37.5 reported lifetime history of STI (18.8 herpes, 12.5 trichomonas, 6.3 bacterial vaginosis) | – |
| Studies including data on transgender women only (n = 4) | |||||||
| Taylor et al. 201130 | New York City, NY | Convenience/retrospective | 63 | 51 | – | 14.3 prior STI diagnosis in the past 3 months | – |
| Nuttbrock et al. 201331 | New York City, NY | Convenience/prospective | 591 (baseline); 230 (followed prospectively) | – | 40.1 (baseline) | – | At year 3 follow up: 1.1% chlamydia; 0.0% gonorrhoea; 1.8% syphilis; 5.5% hepatitis B |
| Operario et al. 201132 | San Francisco, CA | Convenience/retrospective | 174 | 41 | – | STI diagnosis or symptoms in the past 12 months 13.2 | – |
| Nemoto et al. 201533 | San Francisco and Oakland, CA | Convenience/cross-sectional | 217 | 46.50 | – | 27.2 history of an STI in the past 12 months | – |