Table 2.
Procedural characteristics of studies.
| Author | Year | Ablation method | Ablation Device | Ablation endpoint | Contact force catheter used? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adiyaman et al. | 2018 | SA = Minimal Invasive PVI (MIPI) CA = PVI Ganglionated Plexi (GP) Ablation were not performed on both CA and SA |
SA =Irrigated Bipolar Clamp, (Cardioblate, Medtronic.) CA = Thermocool 3.5 mm irrigated tip ablation catheter, Quadripolar cath (Bard), 3D CARTO Mapping, LASSO catheter. |
SA = Isolation of PVs confirmed with pacing maneuvers at the LA-PV junction CA = absence or dissociation of PV potentials with circular decapolar mapping cath. |
No |
| Boersma et al. | 2011 | SA = PVI CA = Wide-area linear antrum ablation, PVI |
SA = Bipolar RF ablation Clamp (Atricure), Cool Rail (Atricure) CA = RF Catheter (Biosense-webster), 3D NavX, CARTO. |
SA = PV block during pacing CA = PV Block during pacing |
No |
| Castella et al. | 2017 | SA = thoracoscopic PVI CA = PVI |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Demaat | 2013 | SA = PVI, with ablation of Ganglionated Plexi CA = Wide circumferential PVI, with ablation of ganglionated plexi. |
SA = Bipolar Clamp (atricure), Monopolar Isolator Pen (Atricure) CA = Decapolar Catheter (Cordis-webster), CARTO FAM 3D, EZ Steer (Biosense-Webster) |
SA = Exit block on PV during pacing, no Vagal response on GP. CA = Exit block on pacing |
No |
| Elesin et al. | 2015 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Haldar et al. | 2017 | CA =Circumferential PVI, ablation of roof and isthmus lines, ablation of sites. SA= Bilateral PVI epicardial ablation, epicardial ganglionated plexi (GP) ablation. |
CA= Thermocool Ablation Catheter, EnSite Velocity 3D guide (St Jude Medical, MN), Afocus II. SA= Bipolar RF ablation clamp and sensing unit (Atricure) |
CA = After restoration of sinus rhythm, PV and linear lesion assessed for bidirectional block. SA = circular catheter positioned on ablation “box” to test entrance and exit block. |
Yes |
| Pokushalov et al. | 2013 | SA = Bilateral PVI (VATS), ablation of bilateral epicardial ganglia. Ablation to create box lesion. LAA stapled and cut CA = Isolation of all PV using mapping catheter |
SA = Bipolar RF ablation Clamp (Atricure) CA = LASSO catheter, NaviStar Thermocool mapping catheter |
SA = PVI confirmed by exit block on pacing. Ganglia ablation confirmed by absence of vagal response. CA = PVI confirmed using LASSO catheter showing absence of PV potentials |
No |
| Wang et al. | 2011 | SA = Bilateral PVI (VATS), with Ganglionated Plexi detection CA = Bilateral PVI, with Ganglionated Plexi detection. Both SA and CA uses OSCOR temporary pacemaker. |
SA = Atricure RF clamp CA = Navistar ablation catheter guided by CARTO mapping system, and LASSO catheter. |
SA = Negative sensing result using temporary pacemaker at bilateral PV antrum. CA = Absence of any PV spike recorded on Lasso catheters on bilateral PV |
No |