Table 1.
Characteristics (mean ± SD, median [minimum–maximum], or N) of study population.
| Demographic/clinical variables | Month 0 (baseline) | Month 24 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 34 | 34 | – |
| Sex, # male (%) | 29 (85%) | – | – |
| Age (years) | 31.2 ± 8.3 | – | – |
| Education (years) | 16.4 ± 4.0 | – | – |
| Duration of HIV infection (days) | 15 (4–32) | – | – |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 397.5 (132.0–1127.0) | 644.5 (378.0–1200.0) | <0.001 |
| Plasma HIV RNA (copies/mL) | 333,971 (604–30,811,000) | 50 (20–58) | <0.001 |
| CSF HIV RNA (copies/mL) | 1102 (0–201,803) A | 0 (0–0) B | 0.001 B |
| Used illicit substance(s) in past 4 months, # (%) | 10 (32%)† | ||
| Co-infections, # (%) | |||
| Hepatitis C | 1 (3%) | – | – |
| Syphilis | 1 (3%) | – | – |
| Gonorrhea | 1 (3%) | – | – |
| Chlamydia | 0 (0%) | – | – |
| Plasma markers | |||
| sCD14 (pg/mL) | 1,552,748 (724,106–2,324,882) | 1,106,143 (765,350–1,955,069) C | <0.001 C |
| sCD163 (pg/mL) | 99,402 (19,895–377,504)C | 85,525 (13,564–380705) D | 0.21 C |
| Neopterin (pg/mL) | 2510.8 (227.1–8895.4) | 1399.4 (380.3–6889.9) E | 0.001 E |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.43 (0.10–3.14) | 0.25 (0.11–3.42) | 0.68 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 2.03 (0.48–12.59)F | 1.50 (0.48–5.83) G | 0.014 G |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 1.46 (0.17–9.10) | 1.05 (0.17–75.82) | 0.17 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 273.2 (62.2–1781.9) | 352.8 (108.9–1145.1) C | 0.86 C |
| IP-10 (pg/mL) | 2821.8 (33.4 – 13,924.0) | 446.7 (160.9 – 1616.9) C | <0.001 C |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers | |||
| S100B (pg/mL) | 983.3 (622.3–1795.0) H | 1027.2 (807.6 –1590.2) I | 0.11 J |
| sCD14 (pg/mL) | 45,601 (2057–178,139) G | 58,690 (25,000–1,516,912) K | 0.83 I |
| CD163 (pg/mL) | 7157.7(3955.1–46,956.1) L | 6281.8 (3253.8–19,266.4) K | 0.055 K |
| Neopterin (pg/mL) | 1817.6 (425.3–5715.5) E | 634.6 (469.0–2267.5) K | <0.001 L |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.10 (0.70–20.70) H | 1.40 (0.90–8.40) K | 0.07 I |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 0.55 (0.50–0.60) M | 0.50 (0.50–0.60) N | 0.66 N |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 0.50 (0.20–7.20) H | 0.40 (0.20–3.60) K | 0.011 L |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 903.7 (151.7–4056.8) E | 731.2 (386.8–1066.1) K | 0.29 K |
| IP-10 (pg/mL) | 935.1 (17.7–7006.0) E | 552.3 (111.3–2164.0) K | 0.004 K |
P-values were computed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. S100B = S100 calcium-binding protein B; sCD163 = soluble CD163; IL = interleukin; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; MCP = monocyte chemoattractant protein; IP = interferon-γ-inducible protein 10. Percentages shown are valid percent and exclude missing data.
†
Data were available for 31 participants.
A
N=28
B
N=16
C
N=30
D
N=31
E
N=27
F
N=24
G
N=22
H
N=21
I
N=14
J
N=10
K
N=17
L
N=20
M
N=13
N
N=11