Fig. 6. Modular mixer assembly.

a Our 3D mixer seamlessly combines with our different nozzle designs. Adjusting delay line lengths result in select time delays from reaction initiation prior to X-ray imaging. Direct insertion of the mixer into the nozzle minimizes the delay for very short time delays on the order of a few milliseconds (Supplementary Fig. 15). b SEM image of the 3D mixer integrated with the DFFN nozzle (Design 8, 12). c Tomographic reconstruction of the 3D mixing-nozzle assembly running at flow rates 40 μl min⁻¹ each, corresponding to a 3 ms time delay, from the mixer exit to the jet X-ray interaction region. Liquid mixing and jetting are highlighted using false coloring for respective liquid absorption X-ray gray scales.