Table 5.

Experiment layout using an L9 orthogonal array and corresponding results each chicken type with PAW and PAW-ultrasound.

Temp (°C)	Time (min)	Thickness (mm)	Muscle chicken				Rough skin
			PAW		PAW-ultrasound		PAW		PAW-ultrasound
			E. coli (log CFU/ml)	S. aureus (log CFU/ml)	E. coli (log CFU/ml)	S. aureus (log CFU/ml)	E. coli (log CFU/ml)	S. aureus (log CFU/ml)	E. coli (log CFU/ml)	S. aureus (log CFU/ml)
4	30	2	0.08 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.00	0.65 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.03	0.11 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.08	0.38 ± 0.02
4	45	3	0.15 ± 0.03	0.10 ± 0.00	0.84 ± 0.03	0.32 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.04
4	60	4	0.18 ± 0.06	0.16 ± 0.02	1.12 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.07	0.43 ± 0.00	0.35 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.01	0.66 ± 0.03
25	30	3	0.10 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.01	0.91 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.06	0.35 ± 0.07	0.29 ± 0.01	0.85 ± 0.02	0.61 ± 0.03
25	45	4	0.20 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.03	0.97 ± 0.03	0.69 ± 0.13	0.52 ± 0.00	0.39 ± 0.03	1.02 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.01
25	60	2	0.11 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.06	0.86 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.24	0.32 ± 0.02	0.24 ± 0.01	0.84 ± 0.11	0.56 ± 0.02
40	30	4	0.33 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.03	0.52 ± 0.01	0.51 ± 0.00	0.38 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.02	0.77 ± 0.01
40	45	2	0.16 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.02	1.21 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.02	0.79 ± 0.06	0.52 ± 0.04
40	60	3	0.30 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.05	1.30 ± 0.02	0.53 ± 0.07	0.49 ± 0.03	0.35 ± 0.06	0.99 ± 0.01	0.73 ± 0.05
			Smooth skin
			PAW		PAW-ultrasound		PAW		PAW-ultrasound
			E. coli (log CFU/ml)		S. aureus (log CFU/ml)		E. coli (log CFU/ml)		S. aureus (log CFU/ml)
4	30	1	0.07 ± 0.00		0.05 ± 0.01		0.07 ± 0.00		0.05 ± 0.00
4	60	1	0.09 ± 0.00		0.04 ± 0.00		0.09 ± 0.01		0.04 ± 0.00
40	30	1	0.32 ± 0.03		0.07 ± 0.01		0.32 ± 0.02		0.07 ± 0.01
40	60	1	0.35 ± 0.01		0.08 ± 0.00		0.35 ± 0.03		0.08 ± 0.01