Fig. 3.

Ibrutinib promotes structural remodeling associated with AF development. (A) Masson's trichrome staining (40 × ), (B) Sirius red staining (40 × ), (C) quantification of atrial fibrosis (blue) and (D) quantification of type I collagen deposition (red or yellow) in the atria of control and ibrutinib-treated mice. (E) Ultrastructure showed the changes of atrial muscle mitochondria and (F) quantification of mitochondrial damage are in the control group and ibrutinib group. (n = 3 mice per group; Student's t-test) (G) Ultrastructure showed the changes of atrial muscle leap disc in the control group and ibrutinib group (n = 3 mice per group; Student's t-test). Scale bar for A–B: 100 μm; for E: 20 μm; for G: 10 μm. Values are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Control group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)