Fig. 6.

Apocynin inhibits electrical remodeling in ibrutinib promotes atrial fibrillation (AF). (A–D) The incidence and duration of burst-pacing-induced AF in mice from the ibrutinib group and apocynin group (n = 5 mice per group; Fig. 6C, Chi-square test; Fig. 6D, Student's t-test). (E–F) Representative recordings of transient Ca²⁺ release (n = 6 cells per group, Student's t-test) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ content (n = 3 cells per group, Student's t-test). (G–K) Quantification of amplitude, decay time, time to peak of transient Ca²⁺, and the amplitude of caffeine-induced Ca²⁺ release in the ibrutinib group and apocynin group; (n = 6 cells per group, Student's t-test). (L–O) Representative line-scan confocal images and the quantification of Ca²⁺ sparks (CaSF) in ibrutinib group mice and apocynin group mice (n = 5 cells per group, Student's t-test). FDHM, spark duration; FWHD, spark width. Values are presented as mean ± SD. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. Ibrutinib group.