Table 1.
Patient and cluster characteristics (Pre-intervention)
| Variables | Total | Intervention | Control | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 112 | n = 53 | n = 59 | ||
| Age (y), median (IQR) | 88 [80–91] | 89 [83–91] | 87 [80–91] | 0.46 |
| Gender (Male) | 66 (58.9%) | 27 (50.1%) | 39 (66.1%) | 0.08 |
| Pre-morbid residence Home | 50 (44.6%) | 20 (37.7%) | 30 (50.8%) | 0.21 |
| Hospital | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
| Institution | 61 (54.5%) | 33 (62.3%) | 28 (47.5%) | |
| A-DROP Very severe | 2 (1.8%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.27 |
| Severe | 31 (27.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | 18 (30.5%) | |
| Moderate | 79 (70.5%) | 38 (71.7%) | 41 (69.5%) | |
| Stroke | 49 (43.8%) | 28 (52.8%) | 21 (35.6%) | 0.05 |
| Dementia | 69 (61.6%) | 39 (73.6%) | 30 (50.9%) | 0.01 |
| Pneumonia | 65 (58.0%) | 28 (52.8%) | 37 (62.7%) | 0.19 |
| Neurodegenerative | 10 (8.9%) | 1 (1.9%) | 9 (15.3%) | 0.01 |
| Head and neck tumor | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.53 |
| MNA-SF, median (IQR) | 6 [5–8] | 6 [5–9] | 6 [5–8] | 0.9 |
| Barthel Index, median (IQR) | 20 [0–60] | 15 [5–50] | 30 [0–60] | 0.45 |
| Nutrition intake (kcal) during first 24 h after admission, median (IQR) | 260 [175–833] | 544 [161–1095] | 258 [210–420] | 0.02 |
| Hospital beds, median (IQR) | 150 [61.5–378.5] | 144 [71.5–376.0] | 0.92 | |
| Annual pneumonia patients, median (IQR) | 100 [46.5–200.0] | 140 [87.0–311.5] | 0.47 | |
| KTSM certified people (%) | 1 (20%) | 5 (100%) | 0.05 |
Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range,
A-DROP the severity of pneumonia determined using the Japanese version of the CURB-65 severity score, MNA-SF mini nutritional assessment-short form,