Fig. 4.

DNA Damage Sensor Kinases are Upregulated and Activated in Human ALS Brain. a Western blot for phosphorylated c-Abl in motor cortex homogenates of ALS and age-match controls. Synaptophysin was used as a loading control. b Western blot quantification of phosphorylated c-Abl immunoreactivity in (n = 8) and ALS (n = 12) cases. Values are mean ± SD. *p < 0.001. Western blot for phosphorylated c-Abl in motor cortex homogenates of ALS and age-match controls. Synaptophysin was used as a loading control. c Western blot for total c-Abl in motor cortex homogenates of ALS and age-match controls. Actin was used as a loading control. d Western blot quantification of total c-Abl immunoreactivity in (n = 8) and ALS (n = 12) cases. Values are mean ± SD. *p < 0.01. e Western blot for phosphorylated targets of ATM in motor cortex homogenates of ALS and age-match controls. Blot probed for actin shows loading. f Western blot quantification of ATM phosphorylated target protein immunoreactivity in (n = 8) and ALS (n = 12) cases. Values are mean ± SD. *p < 0.001