Table 2.
Subject characteristics according to blood pressure (BP) category and the use of antihypertensive medications
| Systolic/diastolic BP (mm Hg) categories with no antihypertensive medication | Taking antihypertensive medication | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (< 120/80) | Elevated BP (120–129/< 80) | Prehypertension (130–139/80–89) | Grade 1 hypertension (140–159/90–99) | Grade 2 hypertension (≥160/100) | ||
| Proportion (%) | 45.2% | 5.5% | 18.8% | 8.7% | 2.1% | 19.6% |
| Estimated number (million) | 13.5 | 1.7 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 5.9 |
| Age, years | 45.9 ± 0.2 | 57.1 ± 0.6 | 49.0 ± 0.3 | 52.7 ± 0.8 | 51.4 ± 0.4 | 63.8 ± 0.3 |
| Sex, % | ||||||
| Men | 38.7 ± 0.6 | 50.5 ± 2.1 | 61.0 ± 1.1 | 65.4 ± 1.6 | 64.6 ± 3.0 | 46.4 ± 1.0 |
| Women | 61.3 ± 0.6 | 49.5 ± 2.1 | 39.0 ± 1.1 | 34.6 ± 1.6 | 35.4 ± 3.0 | 53.6 ± 1.0 |
| Anthropometric measurements | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.0 ± 0.0 | 23.9 ± 0.1 | 24.5 ± 0.1 | 24.9 ± 0.1 | 26.0 ± 0.3 | 25.3 ± 0.1 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 78.8 ± 0.2 | 82.8 ± 0.4 | 83.6 ± 0.2 | 85.2 ± 0.3 | 87.1 ± 0.7 | 86.8 ± 0.2 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 105.5 ± 0.1 | 123.5 ± 0.1 | 123.1 ± 0.2 | 138.2 ± 0.4 | 158.7 ± 1.0 | 128.6 ± 0.4 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 69.4 ± 0.1 | 73.1 ± 0.2 | 82.5 ± 0.1 | 88.6 ± 0.3 | 100.8 ± 0.8 | 76.3 ± 0.3 |
| Heart rate, beat / min | 56.9 ± 0.6 | 56.9 ± 1.6 | 57.3 ± 1.3 | 55.3 ± 0.5 | 71.5 ± 8.3 | 58.4 ± 0.8 |
| Lifestyle behaviors | ||||||
| Regular physical activity, % | 33.5 ± 1.4 | 31.1 ± 3.5 | 35.2 ± 1.9 | 38.4 ± 3.0 | 42.4 ± 5.8 | 34.5 ± 1.6 |
| Heavy alcohol drinking, % | 11.4 ± 0.6 | 19.4 ± 2.2 | 20.9 ± 1.1 | 29.2 ± 1.9 | 37.0 ± 3.8 | 18.2 ± 1.2 |
| Daily calorie intake, kcal | 2045.0 ± 15.5 | 2046.0 ± 44.2 | 2197.7 ± 28.3 | 2159.6 ± 38.6 | 2317.3 ± 90.0 | 1822.3 ± 19.3 |
| Daily sodium consumption, mg | 4022.9 ± 46.8 | 4013.1 ± 139.6 | 4373.0 ± 109.5 | 4210.9 ± 103.9 | 4492.7 ± 215.2 | 3468.7 ± 58.6 |
| Comorbidities, % | ||||||
| Obesity | 21.9 ± 0.7 | 34.1 ± 2.0 | 39.2 ± 1.2 | 47.0 ± 1.7 | 56.6 ± 3.5 | 50.7 ± 1.0 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 15.0 ± 1.4 | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 10.8 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 2.0 | 27.6 ± 1.1 |
| Dyslipidemia | 62.7 ± 1.7 | 77.6 ± 2.4 | 75.1 ± 1.6 | 81.0 ± 1.8 | 75.6 ± 3.7 | 85.3 ± 1.1 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 188.5 ± 0.5 | 193.7 ± 1.6 | 198.8 ± 0.9 | 201.4 ± 1.6 | 201.6 ± 2.4 | 185.3 ± 0.8 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 52.1 ± 0.2 | 49.9 ± 0.5 | 49.8 ± 0.3 | 49.8 ± 0.4 | 48.8 ± 0.8 | 47.8 ± 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 115.8 ± 0.7 | 117.1 ± 2.3 | 112.3 ± 1.2 | 119.7 ± 1.8 | 121.7 ± 3.1 | 107.8 ± 1.1 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 121.9 ± 1.7 | 153.1 ± 5.7 | 161.6 ± 3.3 | 185.6 ± 5.8 | 196.8 ± 11.2 | 159.1 ± 2.8 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 95.9 ± 0.3 | 104.4 ± 1.0 | 102.1 ± 0.6 | 104.0 ± 0.9 | 104.9 ± 1.8 | 109.7 ± 0.6 |
| Calculated GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 95.8 ± 0.3 | 92.7 ± 0.8 | 93.5 ± 0.4 | 92.2 ± 0.6 | 92.2 ± 1.2 | 84.6 ± 0.4 |
| 10-year ASCVD risk | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 10.7 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 12.3 ± 0.8 | 19.6 ± 0.4 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 12.9 ± 0.7 |
Values were presented as mean ± SD or percent with numbers of subjects
HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, GFR Glomerular filtration rate, ASCVD Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease