Table 2.
Elemental emission yields for aerosol released by PLA filaments extruded with XYZ brand pen and printer toys (elemental masses quantified by ICP analysis)
| Yield (ng/g printed)a |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clear yellow | Clear orange | Translucent blue | |||||||
| Element | Pen A | Pen B | Pen C | Printer A | Pen A | Pen B | Pen C | Printer A | Printer A |
| Al | -- | -- | 372.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Be | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.13 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ca | -- | -- | 191.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 503.6 |
| Co | -- | -- | 0.03 | -- | 0.005 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Fe | -- | -- | 127.0 | -- | 439.5 | -- | -- | -- | 3168.0 |
| Mg | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 10.3 |
| Mn | -- | -- | 1.6 | -- | 13.8 | -- | -- | -- | 92.3 |
| Mo | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.22 | -- | -- | 0.04 | 0.26 |
| Na | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 11.9 | -- |
| Ni | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 3.0 | -- |
| P | -- | -- | -- | 5.6 | 0.10 | -- | -- | -- | 61.6 |
| Pb | 0.13 | 1.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Si | 15.3 | -- | 22.5 | 106.6 | 41.7 | 16.0 | 22.5 | 92.6 | 25.2 |
| Sn | -- | 0.24 | 0.17 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Sr | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.10 | -- | -- | -- | 0.95 |
| Zn | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 42.8 |
a
Each reported yield value was calculated from a single composite filter sample collected over all three replicates of a toy/filament combination. Elemental symbols in bold font were detected in bulk filament and quantified in aerosol using ICP analysis. Yield values in italics indicate the element was also identified in aerosol using EDX analysis.
-- = Element not detected on sample