Table 1.
WHI published sleep-related research articles, by health outcome.
| First Author, Year | Sample Size for Analysis* | WHI Study Arm | Sleep Measures | Health Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular outcomes | |||||
| Chen, 2008 | 93,175 | OS | Duration | Stroke | |
| Sands, 2013 | 42,244 | OS | Snoring | Stroke, CHD, CVD | |
| Hale, 2013 | 3,942 | OS & CT | Duration | CHD | |
| Sands-Lincoln, 2013 | 86,329 | OS | Duration & WHIIRS | CHD, CVD | |
| Rissling, 2016 | 145,061 | OS & CT | Duration, WHIIRS, SDB | CVD, T2DM | |
| Huang, 2018 | 1,956 | OS & CT | WHIIRS | CHD | |
| Cancer outcomes | |||||
| Vogtmann, 2013 | 110,011 | OS & CT | Duration & WHIIRS | Breast cancer | |
| Jiao, 2013 | 75,828 | OS | Duration | Colorectal cancer | |
| Luo, 2013 | 142,933 | OS & CT | Duration & WHIIRS | Thyroid cancer | |
| Phipps, 2016 | 21,230 | OS & CT | Duration & WHIIRS | Cancer survival | |
| Soucise, 2017 | 4,406 | OS | Duration & WHIIRS | Breast cancer | |
| Royse, 2017 | 139,368 | OS & CT | Duration | Liver cancer | |
| Cognition/Mental Health outcomes | |||||
| Zaslavsky, 2015 | 93,532 | OS & CT | WHIIRS | Physical Impairments, Emotional Well-being | |
| Chen, 2016 | 7,444 | CT | Duration | Dementia | |
| Health Behavior/Quality of Life and Other outcomes | |||||
| Grandner, 2010 | 459 | OS | Actigraphy | Dietary nutrients | |
| Kripke, 2011 | 459 | OS | Actigraphy | Mortality | |
| Stern, 2014 | 769 | OS | Duration & WHIIRS | Leptin, Dietary intake | |
| Koo, 2016 | 161,808 | OS & CT | OSA | Nocturnal enuresis | |
| Carroll, 2017 | 2,078 | OS & CT | Duration & WHIIRS | Epigenetic Age | |
| Kling, 2017 | 93,668 | OS | WHIIRS, OSA | Sexual satisfaction | |
| Kabat, 2018 | 158,203 | OS & CT | Duration & WHIIRS | Mortality | |
| Cauley, 2019 | 157,306 | OS & CT | Duration & WHIIRS | Falls/Fractures | |
| Grieshober, 2019 | 3,145 | OS & CT | Duration & WHIIRS | Telomere Length |
OS: observational study; CT: clinical trial; SDB: Sleep disordered breathing, WHIIRS: Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CHD: Coronary Heart Disease; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; OSA: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
*
Sample sizes for each analysis vary depending on the specified WHI participants and variables of interest pre-determined in approved paper proposals