Table 1.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of characteristics associated with IOP spikes after antivascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treat and extend regimen.
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted OR | CI | P value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| >70 | Ref | |||||
| <70 | 3.34 | 1.32–5.72 | 0.012 | 3.72 | 1.72–4.63 | 0.015 |
|
| ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | Ref | |||||
| Male | 2.83 | 1.02–4.76 | 0.024 | 2.94 | 1.1–4.89 | 0.018 |
|
| ||||||
| Lens status | ||||||
| Pseudophakic | Ref | |||||
| Phakic | 1.04 | 0.84–1.46 | 0.21 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Etiology | ||||||
| DME | Ref | |||||
| AMD | 3.31 | 1.34–4.28 | 0.01 | 2.40 | 1.43–4.57 | 0.009 |
| RVO | 1.47 | 1.23–2.12 | 0.28 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Anti-VEGF agent | ||||||
| Aflibercept | Ref | |||||
| Ranibizumab | 6.62 | 2.95–8.89 | 0.001 | 5.85 | 2.07–7.24 | 0.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Ac angle | ||||||
| TM seen | Ref | |||||
| TM not seen | 4.27 | 3.17–5.94 | 0.002 | 3.15 | 1.87–5.34 | 0.017 |
|
| ||||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| German | Ref | |||||
| South Asian | 2.89 | 1.76–5.13 | 0.023 | 3.14 | 1.87–4.32 | 0.013 |
| Turkish | 1.57 | 1.33–2.19 | 0.22 | |||
| Arab | 1.42 | 1.32–1.89 | 0.19 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Short-term IOP rise | ||||||
| No | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 2.31 | 2.12–4.33 | 0.24 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Baseline IOP | ||||||
| <14 mm Hg | Ref | |||||
| 14 mm or higher | 2.17 | 1.27–5.32 | 0.12 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Ranibizumab volume (ml) | ||||||
| 0.03 | ||||||
| 0.05 | 4.31 | 2.18–6.75 | 0.001 | 3.78 | 1.32–5.75 | 0.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Treatment interval (weeks) | ||||||
| 4 | Ref | |||||
| >4 | 2.31 | 2.09–4.12 | 0.11 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Number of injections | ||||||
| 3 or less | Ref | |||||
| 3–6 | 3.35 | 1.67–3.87 | 0.07 | |||
| >6 | 3.24 | 2.09–5.08 | 0.012 | 4.11 | 1.83–5.39 | 0.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Therapy switch | ||||||
| To aflibercept | Ref | |||||
| To ranibizumab | 4.13 | 2.29–6.03 | 0.003 | 3.78 | 2.10–4.78 | 0.002 |
| To DEXI | 3.11 | 2.87–5.4 | 0.09 | |||
| To avastin | 5.12 | 2.56–7.25 | 0.011 | 4.55 | 2.17–6.78 | 0.002 |
|
| ||||||
| Glaucoma | ||||||
| No glaucoma | Ref | |||||
| Preexisting | 3.11 | 2.78–5.97 | 0.013 | 4.13 | 3.12–5.89 | 0.001 |
|
| ||||||
| F/H glaucoma | ||||||
| No | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.57 | 1.33–4.21 | 0.14 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Axial length (mm) | ||||||
| 23.0–25.0 | Ref | |||||
| <23.0 | 2.34 | 1.42–5.22 | 0.13 | |||
| >25.0 | 1.85 | 1.2–3.98 | 0.10 | |||
CI: confidence interval, DME: diabetic macular edema, OR: odds ratio, P=p value, AMD: age-related macular degeneration, RVO: retinal vein occlusion, TM: trabecular meshwork, DEXI: dexamethasone implant. “Ref” is short for “Reference for statistical comparison of independent variables with more than one possible outcome during multivariate analysis.