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The impact of avβ3 ssDNA on VSMC apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (a) Detection and (b) quantification of VSMC apoptosis. (c) Detection and (d) quantification of cell cycle progression in VSMCs. (e) Protein expression of Bax and active caspase 3/caspase 3. The results are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 3. ∗P < 0.05 vs. VSMC + PDGF 4 ng/ml.
