Table 1.
The role of wheat bran in various fields.
| Field | Application/Product | Role as/in | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enzymes | Enzyme production by solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) | Substrate for enzymes production | [5] |
| As an inducer for enzymes | Complex substrate | [9,10,11] | |
| Production of protease, amylase, and glucoamylase | Nitrogen source | [5] | |
| Metabolites | Bacitracin Cyclosporine-A Gibberellic acid |
Cheap raw material | [12,13,14] |
| Biofuel | Bioethanol Biobutanol Biohydrogen |
Lignocellulosic material | [15,16,17,18,19,20,21] |
| Heavy metals removal | Removal of, Hg (II), Cd (II) Pb (II), Cu (II), Cr (VI), Ni (II) | Biosorbent material, lignocellulosic substrate | [22,23,24] |
| Health | Minimizes the risk factor for various illness: Diabetes, colon cancer, hypertension, coronary heart disease |
Fiber source, strong antioxidant activity, bioactive agents that inhibit colon carcinogenesis | [25,26,27,28,29,30,31] |
| Food | Enrich the nutritional and physical properties of bread and baked products; | Nutritional and physical properties | [32,33,34,35] |
| Feed additive | The stock material for animal feed preparations | High starch content, indispensable amino acids, high content of non-starch polysaccharides |