Domains and examples of health outcome goals

Domains and examples of patient workload†

• Function (e.g., Walk two blocks without shortness of breath; live in my own home until I need help from someone at night). • Symptoms (e.g., Reduce back pain enough to perform morning activities without medications that cause drowsiness; get my appetite back and be able to eat the foods I like) • Life prolongation (e.g., See my grandson graduate from high school in 5 years) • Well-being (e.g. Be as free from anxiety or uncertainty about cancer recurrence as possible) • Occupational/social roles (e.g., Work three more years; pick up my granddaughter from school).

• Interactions with clinicians (e.g., number of clinicians, recommendations; conflicting recommendations) • Healthcare utilization (e.g., hospitalizations; intensive care unit stays; clinician and emergency department visits) • Medication management (e.g., complexity; associated tasks such as laboratory testing, physiological monitoring; adverse medication effects) • Self-management tasks (e.g., diet; exercise; monitor weights, blood pressure, glucose) • Diagnostic and laboratory testing • Procedures (e.g., preparation, discomfort, complications, anxiety, time to recovery) • Financial costs (e.g., out-of-pocket expenses, uncompensated time off work)

^*Health outcome goals are the individual health outcomes that persons hope to achieve through their health care. To inform care, these health outcome goals must be specific, measurable, actionable, reliable, and time bound. Health outcome goals are distinct from behavioral goals such as stopping smoking or disease goals such as improved blood pressure.

^†When these activities and consequences are understood as what patients are willing and able to do, this workload activities define care preferences. They are also referred to as treatment burden.