Table 1.
Diagnostics | Diagnostic criteria [8] |
---|---|
Diagnostic tests |
• FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L), with no caloric intake for at least 8 ha or • 2-h PG ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT, using a glucose load with the equivalent of 75 g of anhydrous glucose dissolved in watera or • HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) performed using an NGSP-certified method standardized to the DCCT assaya or Random PG ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) in patients with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis |
Other diagnostic criteria |
• Multiple autoantibodies (islet cell, GAD65, ZnT8, IA-2, anti-insulin) • Undetectable or low C-peptide • Family history/co-existence of other autoimmune diseases |
Clinical symptoms |
• Hyperglycemia • Polyuria/polydipsia • Unexplained weight loss • Diabetic ketoacidosis |
Pathophysiology | • Beta cell destruction (occasionally dysfunction of remnant beta cells) |
DCCT Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, FPG fasting plasma glucose, GAD65 glutamic acid decarboxylase, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, IA-2 islet antigen-2, NGSP National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, PG plasma glucose, ZnT8 zinc transporter 8
aResults should be confirmed by repeat testing in the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia