Table 2.
ATH-associated miRNAs, mRNA targets and the effects of their expression on ATH progression
| miRNA | Target mRNA/sa | Effect of miRNAs on ATH progression | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-9 | Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 (OLR1) | ApoE-null mice (U/R protective) | [95] |
| miR-23a-5p | ATP-binding cassette transporter A1/G1 ABCA1/G1 | U/R promotes macrophage-derived foam cell formation | [96] |
| miR-23b | Forkhead Box O4 (FoxO4) | U/R inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration | [97] |
| miR-25-3p | A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (Adam10) | ApoE-null mice (U/R protective) | [98] |
| miR-30-3p | Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) | U/R increases viability of HUVEC cells | [99] |
| miR-34a | BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2) | D/R facilitated growth and blocked apoptosis in HAECs | [100] |
| miR-98 | Receptor for ox-LDL 1 (LOX-1) | D/R inhibited foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in aortas of ApoE-null mice | [101] |
| miR-99a-5p | Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) | U/R inhibits proliferation and invasion of ASMCs | [102] |
| miR-103 | Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) | D/R suppressed inflammation and ERS in ECs from ApoE-null mice | [103] |
| miR-124 | MCL-1 apoptosis regulator (MCL-1) | U/R represses viability, migration and capillary structure formation in HMEC-1 cells. Sponged by lncRNA HULC | [104] |
| miR-135b | Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) | C57BL/6J male mice (D/R protective) | [105] |
| miR-142-3p | Rapamycin-insensitive companion of MTOR (Rictor) | D/R inhibited ECs apoptosis and ATH development in HAECs | [106] |
| miR-223 | Insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) | U/R inhibits foam cell formation in VSMCs of human ATH patients | [107] |
| miR-338-3p | BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) | D/R promoted viability and inhibited apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs | [108] |
| miR-365b-3p | A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) | U/R attenuated PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of HCASMCs | [109] |
| miR-370 | Forkhead Box 1 (FOXO1) | U/R promotes invasion and proliferation of HUVECs | [110] |
| miR-370 | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | U/R inhibits IL-6 and IL-1β expression and ROS levels in THP-1 cells | [111] |
| miR-451 | 14-3-3 ζ (YWHAZ) | U/R improves intimal thickening in rats following vascular injury | [112] |
| miR-590 | Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | U/R inhibited atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-null mice and HAECS | [113] |
| miR-647 | Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) | Upregulated in HA-VSMCs | [114] |
U/R Up-regulation, D/R downregulation
Abbreviations of the cells and cell lines used in the works referenced: HA-VSMCs human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells, ASMCs human aortic smooth muscle cells, HCASMCs human coronary artery smooth muscle cells, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HAECs human aortic endothelial cells, HMEC-1 human microvascular endothelial cell line, ERS endoplasmic reticulum stress
aAll the target mRNAs have been validated by luciferase reporter assays