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. 2019 Sep 23;10(1):43–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.09.007
Consensus statements Level Grade
  • HCC surveillance can detect early tumors that are potentially amenable to treatment; hence, all patients at higher risk of developing HCC and who are eligible for HCC therapy are candidates for regular HCC surveillance.

I Strong
  • Level of awareness of physicians managing patients of chronic liver disease is a major factor in surveillance of HCC; there is a need for greater healthcare provider awareness to improve HCC surveillance.

III Strong
  • Following patients should be subjected to surveillance for HCC:
    • Patients with cirrhosis
      • Child's A and B cirrhotic patients of any etiology
      • Child's C cirrhotic patients of any etiology who are listed for liver transplantation
    • Patients without cirrhosis
      • Patients with chronic hepatitis B who have increased risk for HCC according to risk scores such as CU-HCC or PAGE-B
      • Chronic HCV with advanced fibrosis.
I Strong
  • Six-monthly ultrasound abdomen by experienced personnel plus AFP level is the recommended surveillance test.

I Strong