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. 2019 Sep 23;10(1):43–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.09.007
Consensus statements Level Grade
  • Tissue diagnosis of HCC is not required in majority of cases. Following are the indications of tissue diagnosis:
    • When imaging and other findings are equivocal or not typical.
    • May be indicated in suspected HCC <2 cm
    • May be indicated in larger lesions in non-cirrhotic livers
II-2 Strong
  • Needle track seedlings of HCC may deter liver biopsy

II-2 Strong
  • All Resected specimens should be submitted for histopathologic evaluation

II-2 Strong
  • FNACs may not yield sufficient material for immunohistochemistry unless cell-blocks are prepared. Hence, needle core biopsies, at least 2 are recommended.

II-2 Strong
  • Histological distinction of some small HCCs from benign/dysplastic nodules may be difficult

II-3 Weak
  • Immunohistochemistry would be necessary for confirming the diagnosis and prognostic sub-classification in most cases.

II-1 Strong
  • Minimum requirements in reporting HCC are:
    • Grading of HCC must be included in the reporting guidelines: Either standard 4 scale Edmonson Steiner Classification (Grade I-IV) or 4 Grade system (Well Differentiated/Moderately Differentiated/Poorly Differentiated/Undifferentiated)
    • As far as possible Histological Variants must be indicated: e.g. trabecular, macrotrabecular, acinar, pseudoglandular, solid, clear, fibrolamellar HCC, steatohepatitic HCC, scirrhous HCC, mixed HCC-CCA.
    • Presence of microemboli must be indicated
    • State of adjacent/rest of liver must be highlighted including cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, NAFLD, metabolic liver disease, etc. This is mandatory in resected specimens
    • Infiltrated/clear margins of a resected specimen must be indicated
II-2 Strong