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Chondrocyte activation using anti-inflammatory agents. Chondrocytes subjected to TNF-α and IFNγ treatment did not show any increase in the NO production. However, IL-1β and LPS stimulated chondrocytes showed a significant increase in NO production within 12 hr compared to control and other treatment conditions. Therefore, IL-1β and LPS treatment were chosen to reproduce the OA chondrocyte phenotype. * indicates p < .05
