Table 4.
Percentage of children full immunized and unvaccinated, by sex and religion.
| Country | Religion | Boys |
Girls |
Sex ratio boys/girls | chi2 p value | Interaction p value# |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage | 95%CI | N | Percentage | 95%CI | N | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||
| Full immunization | |||||||||||
| Benin | Christian | 63.8% | (59.0%;68.6%) | 631 | 62.0% | (57.1%;66.8%) | 598 | 1.03 | 0.559 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 52.8% | (45.6%;60.0%) | 358 | 49.2% | (42.7%;55.8%) | 377 | 1.07 | 0.385 | 0.674 | 0.908 | |
| Folk | 54.7% | (44.9%;64.5%) | 145 | 55.9% | (47.1%;64.7%) | 184 | 0.98 | 0.844 | 0.668 | 0.661 | |
| Burkina Faso | Christian | 87.9% | (83.6%;92.2%) | 366 | 82.3% | (78.0%;86.6%) | 391 | 1.07 | 0.060 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 81.6% | (78.3%;85.0%) | 876 | 80.6% | (77.1%;84.1%) | 865 | 1.01 | 0.660 | 0.224 | 0.205 | |
| Cameroon | Christian | 78.4% | (73.7%;83.0%) | 497 | 87.1% | (83.4%;90.8%) | 464 | 0.90b | 0.003 * | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 74.9% | (66.3%;83.6%) | 177 | 66.5% | (55.4%;77.6%) | 141 | 1.13 | 0.152 | 0.020** | 0.015** | |
| Chad | Christian | 37.8% | (32.1%;43.5%) | 512 | 37.4% | (30.5%;44.3%) | 499 | 1.01 | 0.920 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 12.5% | (9.6%;15.5%) | 902 | 14.8% | (11.6%;17.9%) | 868 | 0.85 | 0.261 | 0.339 | 0.517 | |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Christian | 56.4% | (48.6%;64.2%) | 273 | 55.9% | (48.2%;63.7%) | 267 | 1.01 | 0.919 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 38.0% | (32.3%;43.8%) | 438 | 42.6% | (36.4%;48.8%) | 413 | 0.89 | 0.266 | 0.350 | 0.339 | |
| Ethiopia | Christian | 46.2% | (39.1%;53.3%) | 448 | 49.8% | (43.8%;55.8%) | 520 | 0.93 | 0.364 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 25.1% | (17.0%;33.3%) | 474 | 27.8% | (19.5%;36.0%) | 447 | 0.91 | 0.639 | 0.913 | 0.953 | |
| Ghana | Christian | 79.4% | (74.5%;84.2%) | 413 | 77.7% | (72.4%;83.0%) | 393 | 1.02 | 0.580 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 85.1% | (78.0%;92.2%) | 120 | 75.5% | (64.6%;86.4%) | 113 | 1.13 | 0.114 | 0.261 | 0.251 | |
| Guinea-Bissau | Christian | 77.9% | (71.6%;84.2%) | 174 | 72.0% | (60.8%;83.3%) | 148 | 1.08 | 0.338 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 68.3% | (62.6%;73.9%) | 411 | 68.1% | (60.6%;75.6%) | 376 | 1.00 | 0.969 | 0.388 | 0.514 | |
| Folk | 64.2% | (53.8%;74.6%) | 195 | 70.4% | (61.7%;79.2%) | 195 | 0.91 | 0.277 | 0.154 | 0.285 | |
| Liberia | Christian | 51.0% | (45.6%;56.4%) | 624 | 57.0% | (50.6%;63.4%) | 592 | 0.90 | 0.173 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 72.9% | (58.0%;87.9%) | 84 | 68.1% | (52.0%;84.2%) | 79 | 1.07 | 0.661 | 0.310 | 0.460 | |
| Malawi | Christian | 76.6% | (73.6%;79.7%) | 1.377 | 77.8% | (74.8%;80.9%) | 1.359 | 0.98 | 0.556 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 71.2% | (64.2%;78.2%) | 235 | 73.7% | (67.8%;79.6%) | 253 | 0.97 | 0.595 | 0.793 | 0.863 | |
| Mozambique | Christian | 67.8% | (60.1%;75.5%) | 288 | 60.0% | (52.2%;67.7%) | 293 | 1.13 | 0.146 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 75.9% | (64.4%;87.4%) | 81 | 77.9% | (68.7%;87.0%) | 101 | 0.97 | 0.769 | 0.244 | 0.379 | |
| Folk | 68.5% | (55.8%;81.2%) | 70 | 67.4% | (55.9%;79.0%) | 89 | 1.02 | 0.910 | 0.507 | 0.395 | |
| Nigeria | Christian | 41.6% | (37.6%;45.6%) | 1.063 | 41.7% | (37.8%;45.5%) | 1.089 | 1.00 | 0.984 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 15.5% | (12.8%;18.2%) | 1.561 | 16.3% | (13.0%;19.6%) | 1.617 | 0.95 | 0.697 | 0.715 | 0.928 | |
| Sierra Leone | Christian | 73.0% | (65.3%;80.6%) | 189 | 75.2% | (67.3%;83.2%) | 198 | 0.97 | 0.673 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 67.5% | (63.4%;71.7%) | 824 | 67.3% | (62.6%;72.0%) | 870 | 1.00 | 0.943 | 0.688 | 0.616 | |
| Togo | Christian | 66.8% | (60.8%;72.8%) | 341 | 61.4% | (55.6%;67.3%) | 347 | 1.09 | 0.179 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 72.0% | (64.6%;79.4%) | 168 | 67.7% | (58.0%;77.3%) | 131 | 1.06 | 0.477 | 0.840 | 0.966 | |
| Folk | 48.5% | (38.1%;59.0%) | 156 | 49.6% | (38.6%;60.7%) | 137 | 0.98 | 0.844 | 0.407 | 0.563 | |
| Uganda | Christian | 60.1% | (57.2%;62.9%) | 1.264 | 57.9% | (54.5%;61.3%) | 1.228 | 1.04 | 0.300 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 49.7% | (41.1%;58.3%) | 214 | 46.7% | (37.7%;55.7%) | 183 | 1.06 | 0.613 | 0.842 | 0.828 | |
| Unvaccinated children | |||||||||||
| Benin | Christian | 3.7% | (2.0%;5.5%) | 631 | 5.1% | (3.0%;7.3%) | 598 | 0.73 | 0.281 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 17.0% | (10.8%;23.3%) | 358 | 15.8% | (10.1%;21.4%) | 377 | 1.08 | 0.713 | 0.261 | 0.140 | |
| Folk | 8.4% | (3.6%;13.2%) | 145 | 9.6% | (3.8%;15.4%) | 184 | 0.88 | 0.760 | 0.741 | 0.709 | |
| Burkina Faso | Christian | 0.0% | (0.0%;0.0%) | 366 | 3.3% | (0.8%;5.7%) | 391 | 0.00b | 0.012 * | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 1.4% | (0.5%;2.2%) | 876 | 1.1% | (0.0%;2.3%) | 865 | 1.20 | 0.765 | 0.000** | – | |
| Cameroon | Christian | 2.0% | (0.3%;3.7%) | 497 | 2.0% | (0.4%;3.6%) | 464 | 0.99 | 0.990 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 1.4% | (0.1%;2.7%) | 177 | 1.8% | (0.0%;3.8%) | 141 | 0.79 | 0.748 | 0.809 | 0.794 | |
| Chad | Christian | 4.6% | (2.9%;6.2%) | 512 | 5.8% | (3.4%;8.2%) | 499 | 0.79 | 0.368 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 31.1% | (26.8%;35.4%) | 902 | 33.9% | (29.7%;38.1%) | 868 | 0.92 | 0.296 | 0.592 | 0.735 | |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Christian | 8.2% | (4.3%;12.0%) | 273 | 4.1% | (1.7%;6.5%) | 267 | 2.01 | 0.067 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 12.5% | (8.3%;16.6%) | 438 | 14.3% | (9.7%;18.9%) | 413 | 0.87 | 0.531 | 0.062** | 0.065** | |
| Ethiopia | Christian | 11.5% | (7.1%;15.8%) | 448 | 13.1% | (8.8%;17.5%) | 520 | 0.87 | 0.525 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 24.4% | (18.4%;30.3%) | 474 | 22.0% | (14.1%;30.0%) | 447 | 1.11 | 0.643 | 0.439 | 0.446 | |
| Ghana | Christian | 1.6% | (0.0%;3.4%) | 413 | 1.5% | (0.4%;2.6%) | 393 | 1.02 | 0.978 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 2.8% | (0.0%;7.1%) | 120 | 0.4% | (0.0%;1.1%) | 113 | 7.31 | 0.073 | 0.177 | 0.154 | |
| Guinea-Bissau | Christian | 0.8% | (0.0%;2.4%) | 174 | 0.0% | (0.0%;0.0%) | 148 | 0.00 | 0.371 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 3.9% | (1.5%;6.3%) | 411 | 4.8% | (2.4%;7.2%) | 376 | 0.82 | 0.605 | – | 0.000** | |
| Folk | 1.6% | (0.0%;3.3%) | 195 | 3.3% | (0.8%;5.8%) | 195 | 0.49 | 0.208 | – | 0.000** | |
| Liberia | Christian | 2.7% | (0.9%;4.4%) | 624 | 0.6% | (0.1%;1.0%) | 592 | 4.71 a | 0.002 * | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 0.0% | (0.0%;0.0%) | 84 | 0.8% | (0.0%;2.3%) | 79 | 0.00 | 0.286 | 0.000** | 0.000** | |
| Malawi | Christian | 1.2% | (0.6%;1.9%) | 1.377 | 2.0% | (0.9%;3.0%) | 1.359 | 0.62 | 0.179 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 2.5% | (0.2%;4.9%) | 235 | 0.6% | (0.0%;1.8%) | 253 | 4.14 | 0.170 | 0.109 | 0.110 | |
| Mozambique | Christian | 3.8% | (0.3%;7.4%) | 288 | 5.6% | (2.2%;8.9%) | 293 | 0.69 | 0.428 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 6.1% | (0.0%;13.8%) | 81 | 1.4% | (0.0%;3.4%) | 101 | 4.32 | 0.101 | 0.069** | 0.112 | |
| Folk | 8.0% | (1.0%;14.9%) | 70 | 8.3% | (0.6%;15.9%) | 89 | 0.97 | 0.947 | 0.629 | 0.485 | |
| Nigeria | Christian | 17.9% | (15.0%;20.9%) | 1.063 | 16.1% | (13.1%;19.1%) | 1.098 | 1.12 | 0.357 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 50.4% | (46.3%;54.5%) | 1.561 | 51.5% | (47.1%;55.8%) | 1.630 | 0.98 | 0.692 | 0.301 | 0.344 | |
| Sierra Leone | Christian | 2.1% | (0.0%;4.5%) | 189 | 2.0% | (0.0%;3.9%) | 198 | 1.07 | 0.933 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 3.9% | (2.2%;5.5%) | 824 | 3.2% | (1.8%;4.6%) | 870 | 1.21 | 0.513 | 0.887 | 0.991 | |
| Togo | Christian | 2.7% | (0.9%;4.4%) | 341 | 0.9% | (0.0%;2.1%) | 347 | 2.80 | 0.096 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 2.0% | (0.0%;4.1%) | 168 | 3.1% | (0.1%;6.1%) | 131 | 0.65 | 0.545 | 0.129 | 0.091** | |
| Folk | 11.1% | (4.1%;18%) | 156 | 6.7% | (0.3%;13.0%) | 137 | 1.66 | 0.367 | 0.539 | 0.447 | |
| Uganda | Christian | 0.9% | (0.3%;1.4%) | 1.264 | 1.5% | (0.6%;2.3%) | 1.228 | 0.60 | 0.239 | .. | .. |
| Muslim | 2.5% | (0.4%;4.7%) | 214 | 1.9% | (0.0%;4.3%) | 183 | 1.34 | 0.711 | 0.374 | 0.324 | |
aPercentage among boys significantly higher than among girls.
bPercentage among girls significantly higher than among boys.
*
p value < 0.05 for chi-squared test.
**
p value < 0.10 for interaction coefficient of Poisson regression model.
#
p value based on interaction test using Poisson regression models; references: Male and Christian categories.