Table 1.
Basic Characteristics of the Study Population (n=140)
| Variables | Male (n=90) | Female (n=50) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean±SD | 53.09±8.0 | 54.96±7.7 |
| Years of schooling, mean±SD | 13.76±3.9 | 13.56±2.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD | 25.35±2.98 | 26.00±3.41 |
| Duration of diabetes (years), mean±SD | 11.12±6.9 | 10.30±6.4 |
| HBA1C, mean±SD | 8.69±1.98 | 9.42±1.70 |
| Event number of hypoglycemia, n (%) | 41 (45.6) | 27 (54.0) |
| Complications, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 45 (50.0) | 23 (46.0) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 53 (58.9) | 29 (58.0) |
| Coronary heart disease | 7 (7.8) | 1 (2.0) |
| Retinopathy/cataract | 13 (14.4) | 8 (16.0) |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 14 (15.6) | 3 (6.0) |
| Diabetic foot | 3 (3.3) | 1 (2.0) |
| Diabetes treatment, n (%) | ||
| Lifestyle intervention | 6 (6.7) | 5 (10.0) |
| Only by oral medication | 41 (45.6) | 20 (40.0) |
| Insulin | 7 (7.8) | 4 (8.0) |
| Oral medication + Insulin | 36 (40.0) | 21 (42.0) |
| *Mild cognitive impairment, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 29 (32.2) | 24 (48.0) |
| No | 61 (67.8) | 26 (52.0) |
Note: There are no significant differences between men and women. *Based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; HBA1C, hemoglobin A1C.