FIG 2.

Cdc48 cofactors Ubx3, Bre5, and Ubp3 affect TDP-43 toxicity. (A) Growth assay of WT and indicated isogenic null mutant strains transformed with an empty vector or a plasmid expressing GAL1-regulated TDP-43–YFP. (B) A strain with Ubx3-GFP was transformed with a plasmid expressing TDP-43–mRuby2, and images were taken at mid-log phase. Percentages and arrowheads indicate Ubx3 and TDP-43 colocalization. Bar, 2 μm. (C) As described for panel A with the indicated null strains. (D) Western blot of steady-state TDP-43–YFP levels in the indicated strains; the quantities beneath the gel, determined by normalization to the level for the GAPDH loading control, are based on 3 biological replicates.