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. 2019 Jul;45(7):1509–1536. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.015

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© 2019 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fig 3 — Parameter analysis of central nervous system studies. For burst wave: burst-averaged intensity (I_SPBA) versus burst duration (BD). For continuous wave: pulse-averaged intensity (I_SPPA) against pulse length (PL). The studies are split into human, small animal and in vitro work. Any studies that conduct histologic analysis and report no damage are filled in blue, and those that report damage are filled in red. Lines of constant energy density (I_SPBA × BD or I_SPPA × PL) are also displayed. (a) Full parameter space (log scale). (b) Subset of parameters (linear scale, I_SPBA / I_SPPA < 30 W/cm², BD / PL < 500 ms). BD = burst duration; E = energy density; I_SPBA = spatial-peak burst-averaged intensity; I_SPPA = spatial-peak pulse-averaged intensity; PL = pulse length.