Fig. 4.

Parameter analysis of peripheral nervous system studies. (a) Instantaneous peak pressure (p) against driving frequency (f) with lines of constant mechanical index (MI) and fp², a measure of acoustic radiation force (ARF) (log scale). (b) For burst wave: burst-averaged intensity (I_SPBA) versus burst duration (BD). For continuous wave: pulse-averaged intensity (I_SPPA) against pulse length (PL). Lines of constant energy density (I_SPBA × BD or I_SPPA × PL) are also displayed (log scale). The studies are split into human, small animal and ex vivo work. Any studies that conduct histologic analysis and report no damage are filled in blue, and those that report damage are filled in red. ARF = acoustic radiation force; BD = burst duration; E = energy density; f = driving frequency; fp² = measure of acoustic radiation forces; I_SPBA = spatial-peak burst-averaged intensity; I_SPPA = spatial-peak pulse-averaged intensity; MI = mechanical index; p = instantaneous peak pressure; PL = pulse length.