Table 2.
Summary of patient characteristics
| Paper | Number of cases | Age (years) | Hernia site | Symptoms / clinical examination | Parity | Diagnosis | Reducible / irreducible hernia |
| Amarin, 198820 | 1 | 23 | R | Intermittent inguinal hernia (past 1 year), irreducible (past 2 weeks); increase in size, pain and tenderness (past 24 hours) Tender, irreducible inguinal hernia |
0 (infertile) | Clinical examination | Irreducible |
| Araújo, 201621 | 1 | 89 | L | Lower abdominal pain and a lump Inguinal/rebound tenderness; painful tender mass (5cm) |
≥2 | Ultrasonography, CT: well defined, fine-walled, non-pure cystic formation on left femoral duct, in continuity with the round ligament, suggesting presence of a cyst in the canal of Nuck (possible incarcerated inguinal hernia) | Irreducible |
| Ballas, 200922 | 1 | 39 | L | Inguinal protrusion | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Irreducible, indirect |
| Bhandarkar, 199323 | 1 | 68 | L | Painless left inguinal swelling (past 3 days) Tender swelling (6cm x 4cm) from left inguinal region up to left labium major; no cough impulse |
≥2 | Clinical examination | Irreducible |
| Golash, 200524 | 1 | 24 | L | Painful swelling (past 48 hours); increase in size Tense, tender, spherical lump (4cm x 4cm) over upper left labia; no cough impulse |
≥2 | Clinical examination | Irreducible |
| Graul, 201425 | 1 | 25 | L | Painless small bulge in groin; increasing groin pain Left mons tenderness; mass (2cm x 2cm) abutting pubic symphysis |
0 | Ultrasonography: thick-walled, complex tubular fluid collection abutting and inseparable from the left ovary and extending into the left groin CT: inguinal hernia containing fluid-filled tubular structure, possibly a dilated left fallopian tube; adjacent fluid and stranding |
Irreducible |
| Gurer, 20066 | 3 | 42–74 | L (n=2) R (n=1) |
Inguinal hernia | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Irreducible, strangulated, indirect |
| Kokcu, 201026 | 1 | 23 | L | Infertility Left ovary non-palpable |
0 (infertile) | Pelvic ultrasonography: right ovary and uterus normal in size but left ovary could not be visualised Exploratory laparoscopy |
Non-palpable |
| Malik, 201227 | 1 | 31 | L | Inguinal swelling; abdominal pain; loss of appetite; nausea; constipation Non-pulsatile, smooth-surfaced, warm, tender, irreducible swelling (7cm x 5cm); cough impulse |
2 | Clinical examination: strangulated inguinal hernia | Irreducible, incarcerated |
| Ozkan, 20095 | 1 | 80 | R | Groin swelling with occasional pain (past 50 years); increase in size Irreducible right groin hernia (6cm x 4cm) |
≥2 | Ultrasonography: cystic structure (6cm x 3.5cm) in the hernial sac | Irreducible |
| Ray, 200328 | 1 | 29 | L | Painless swelling in left groin (past 8 years) Cough impulse |
1 | Clinical examination | Irreducible |
| Turk, 201229 | 1 | 47 | L | Nausea and abdominal pain Palpable mobile mass (10cm) in right lower quadrant; irreducible left inguinal hernia. Gynaecological examination: uterus not palpated; cervix was visualised |
≥2 | CT: omental tissue (16cm x 9cm x 5cm), neighbouring the caecum and ileal segment, extending from the right subhepatic region to the superoanterior region of the bladder; left inguinal hernia containing an ileal segment, uterus and left ovary | Irreducible |
| Ueda, 201630 | 1 | 87 | R | Lump in right inguinal region; purulent discharge from vagina | ≥2 | CT: uterine tissue in right inguinal hernia | Irreducible |
| Yamane, 201131 | 1 | 61 | L | Abnormal liver function tests | Not mentioned | CT: inguinal mass extending to the uterus, slightly displaced to the left side of the pelvis | Reducible |
| Yao, 200932 | 1 | 28 | L | Palpable, painless groin mass (for 20 years); increase in size Irreducible mass in left groin (5cm x 3cm) |
Not mentioned | Ultrasonography: heterogeneous mass with multiple small sonolucent cysts (one of the ovaries); hyperechoic portion of the mass surrounded by an arterial flow, consistent with the presence of a corpus luteum Pelvic ultrasonography: absence of the left ovary in the left lower pelvis, with a normal uterus and right ovary in their normal anatomic locations |
Irreducible |
CT = computed tomography