. 2019 Sep 11;102(2):120–132. doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0113

Table 2.

Characteristics of the patients in the included studies.

Study	Age (years ± SD)	Sex (n)	Body mass index (kg/m²)	Comorbidities (n)^a	FEV 1 (n)	VC (n)
Ida et al (2015)²²	63.1 ± 0.9 vs 67.8 ± 1.0	female: 3 vs 14male: 74 vs 47	23.6 ± 0.3 vs 20.4 ± 0.3	DM: 10 vs 8, COPD: 22 vs 21, CD: 42 vs 33	72.7 ± 1.1 vs 73.3 ± 1.3	106.3 ± 1.7 vs 100.3 ± 1.9
Harada et al (2016)²¹	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Tamandl et al (2016)¹³	61.1 vs 65.6	female: 26 vs 23male: 44 vs 107	26.9 vs 23.7	N/A	N/A	N/A
Grotenhuis et al (2016)¹⁴	59 vs 64	female: 20 vs 12male: 46 vs 42	28 vs 25	N/A	N/A	N/A
Makiura et al (2016)²³	64 vs 69	female: 9 vs 7male: 66 vs 22	21.7 ± 2.8 vs 19.3 ± 2.6	DM: 7 vs 3, HT: 34 vs 8, COPD: 20 vs 11, CD: 4 vs 5	74.1 ± 9.5 vs 70.4 ± 12.7	100.1 ± 12.0 vs 93.2 ± 14.2
Nishigori et al (2016)²⁵	64.8 ± 7.8 vs 65.4 ± 7.7	female: 19 vs 16male: 31 vs 133	22.3 ± 2.7 vs 20.5 ± 2.7	DM: 3 vs 17	77.2 ± 9.38 vs 74 ± 8.8	116.2 ± 13.5 vs 111 ± 14.8
Paireder et al (2016)²⁶	61.3 vs 63.8	female: 12 vs 12male: 38 vs 68	26.5 vs 23.7	N/A	N/A	N/A
Nakashima et al (2018)²⁴	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

^a Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary disease (CD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT).

N/A, not available; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; SD, standard deviation; VC, vital capacity.