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Cellular contributions of epicardium during heart development. Epicardial cells enter the myocardium through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs), which differentiate into fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), pericytes, fat cells, and, possibly, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Solid arrows denote consensus cell fates, whereas dashed arrows indicate controversial contributions.
