TABLE 1.
OPAT Patient Characteristics (N = 596)
| Homeless PWID n = 53 (%) | Housed PWID n = 48 (%) | Homeless Non-PWID n = 45 (%) | Housed Non-PWID n = 450 (%) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age (years) | 38.8 | 41.6 | 49.4 | 53.9 | <.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 33 (62.3) | 36 (75.0) | 37 (82.2) | 290 (64.4) | .05 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 44 (83.0) | 38 (79.2) | 25 (55.6) | 330 (73.3) | <.001 |
| Black | 5 (9.4) | 6 (12.5) | 15 (33.3) | 46 (10.2) | |
| Otherb | 4 (7.6) | 4 (8.4) | 5 (11.1) | 77 (17.1) | |
| Medical Comorbidities | |||||
| ESRD on HD | 1 (1.9) | 4 (8.3) | 2 (4.4) | 24 (5.3) | .53 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 4 (7.6) | 4 (8.3) | 8 (17.8) | 131 (29.1) | <.001 |
| Immunosuppressed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (5.6) | .04 |
| HIV/AIDS | 2 (3.8) | 3 (6.3) | 1 (2.2) | 9 (2.0) | .31 |
| Hepatitis C | 39 (73.6) | 32 (66.7) | 6 (13.3) | 45 (10.0) | <.001 |
| Discharge Location | |||||
| Respite | 31 (58.5) | 1 (2.1) | 19 (42.2) | 1 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Home | 4 (7.6) | 29 (60.4) | 10 (22.2) | 266 (59.1) | |
| Inpatient/SNF | 6 (9.5) | 14 (29.2) | 12 (26.7) | 165 (36.7) | |
| Shelter/street | 8 (15.1) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (4.4) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Other | 4 (7.5) | 3 (6.3) | 2 (4.4) | 17 (3.8) | |
| Infection Typesc | |||||
| Bacteremia | 31 (58.5) | 26 (54.2) | 18 (40.0) | 90 (20.0) | <.001 |
| Endocarditis | 17 (32.1) | 12 (25.0) | 4 (8.9) | 20 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Septic arthritis | 9 (17.0) | 6 (12.5) | 1 (2.2) | 36 (8.0) | .04 |
| Pulmonary | 11 (20.8) | 3 (6.3) | 7 (15.6) | 21 (4.7) | <.001 |
| Osteomyelitis | 20 (37.7) | 23 (47.9) | 26 (57.8) | 282 (62.7) | .002 |
| Central nervous system | 8 (15.1) | 12 (25.0) | 7 (15.6) | 89 (19.8) | .56 |
| Skin/soft tissue | 15 (28.3) | 11 (22.9) | 12 (26.7) | 93 (20.7) | .52 |
| Genitourinary | 0 | 1 (2.1) | 1 (2.2) | 19 (4.2) | .38 |
| Intra-abdominal | 0 | 1 (2.1) | 1 (2.2) | 27 (6.0) | .14 |
| Total Infection Types | 111 | 95 | 77 | 677 | |
| Mean Infection Types per Encounter | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | .02 |
| Clinical Cure (Excluding Unknown) | |||||
| Yes | 25 (89.3) | 24 (92.7) | 37 (92.5) | 329 (88.7) | .85 |
| No | 3 (10.7) | 2 (7.7) | 3 (7.5) | 42 (11.3) | |
| Unknownd | 25 | 22 | 5 | 79 | |
| Clinical Cure | |||||
| Yes | 25 (47.2) | 24 (50.0) | 37 (82.2) | 329 (73.1) | <.001 |
| Noe | 28 (52.8) | 24 (50.0) | 8 (17.8) | 121 (26.9) | |
| Hospital Length of Stay | 15.5 | 21.8 | 18.2 | 18.0 | <.001 |
| Secondary bacteremia | 7 (13.2) | 2 (4.2) | 1 (2.2) | 6 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Line Tampering | 19 (35.9) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (0.7) | <.001 |
| 30-Day Readmission | 21 (39.6) | 10 (20.8) | 10 (22.2) | 107 (23.8) | .07 |
| Related to OPAT | 14 (26.4) | 8 (16.7) | 4 (8.9) | 59 (13.1) | .004 |
a
P values indicate an overall test of association between the measure and the four groups of drug use by housing status. Pairwise comparisons were not performed.
b
Other race includes Asian, Native American/American Indian, Pacific Islander, and Hispanic
c
Percentage calculations based on persons per group, not total infections per group
d
Unknown clinical cure excluded from primary analysis
e
Assumes all unknown outcomes did not achieve cure
Abbreviations: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HD, hemodialysis; OPAT, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy; PWID, people who inject drugs; SNF, skilled nursing facility.