Table 2.
Relative survival and excess mortality rate ratio in the R0 cohort
| Univariable Poisson regression | Multivariable Poisson regression | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients (n = 20 853) | 5‐year age‐standardized relative survival (%)* | 5‐year EMRR* | P | 5‐year EMRR* | P | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 50 | 1042 (5·0) | 79·5 (76·8, 81·9) | 1·11 (0·96, 1·28) | 0·168 | 1·07 (0·89, 1·29) | 0·456 |
| 50–74 | 11 113 (53·3) | 81·3 (80·4, 82·2) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| ≥ 75 | 8698 (41·7) | 79·1 (77·5, 80·6) | 1·26 (1·15, 1·38) | < 0·001 | 1·37 (1·23, 1·53) | < 0·001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| M | 10 939 (52·5) | 80·1 (79·1, 81·2) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| F | 9914 (47·5) | 81·6 (80·5, 82·5) | 0·98 (0·90, 1·07) | 0·134 | ||
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | ||||||
| < 18·5 | 462 (2·2) | 65·6 (59·9, 70·8) | 2·18 (1·78, 2·66) | < 0·001 | 1·47 (1·14, 1·90) | 0·003 |
| 18·5–25 | 8484 (40·7) | 81·5 (80·4, 82·6) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | 0·128 | |
| > 25 | 9907 (47·5) | 83·9 (82·8, 84·9) | 0·80 (0·72, 0·88) | < 0·001 | 0·93 (0·84, 1·02) | |
| Missing | 2000 (9·6) | |||||
| ASA grade | ||||||
| I–II | 14 403 (69·1) | 86·7 (85·9, 87·5) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| III–IV | 5679 (27·2) | 67·8 (65·6, 70·0) | 2·96 (2·71, 3·24) | < 0·001 | 2·05 (1·86, 2·27) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 771 (3·7) | |||||
| Location of primary tumour | ||||||
| Right colon | 6544 (31·4) | 78·3 (76·8, 79·8) | 1·13 (1·02, 1·25) | 0·016 | 1·32 (1·18, 1·49) | < 0·001 |
| Left colon | 6158 (29·5) | 79·2 (77·9, 80·5) | 1·00 (reference) | 0·001 | 1·00 (reference) | |
| Transverse colon | 1163 (5·6) | 74·3 (70·7, 77·6) | 1·32 (1·12, 1·56) | < 0·001 | 1·18 (0·96, 1·45) | 0·109 |
| Rectum | 6419 (30·8) | 85·1 (83·8, 86·3) | 0·62 (0·55, 0·70) | 0·430 | 1·22 (1·06, 1·40) | 0·006 |
| Multiple | 566 (2·7) | 78·2 (72·7, 82·6) | 0·89 (0·68, 1·18) | 1·26 (0·94, 1·67) | 0·120 | |
| Missing | 3 (0·01) | |||||
| pT status | ||||||
| pT0 | 238 (1·1) | 93·2 (77·4, 98·1) | 2·02 (0·41, 9·9) | 0·389 | 0·02 (0·00, ∝) | 0·861 |
| pT1 | 1426 (6·8) | 98·2 (94·6, 99·4) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| pT2 | 3605 (17·3) | 94·9 (93·3, 96·2) | 2·32 (0·72, 7·46) | 0·157 | 1·05 (0·61, 1·79) | 0·869 |
| pT3 | 12 273 (58·9) | 81·6 (80·6, 82·5) | 10·0 (3·27, 30·6) | < 0·001 | 1·81 (1·10, 2·97) | 0·019 |
| pT4 | 3241 (15·5) | 54·2 (52·2, 56·2) | 33·2 (10·8, 101·5) | < 0·001 | 3·07 (1·86, 5·07) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 70 (0·3) | |||||
| pN status | ||||||
| pN0 | 11 934 (57·2) | 92·7 (91·9, 93·4) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| pN1 | 5188 (24·9) | 76·2 (74·7, 77·6) | 3·97 (3·43, 4·61) | < 0·001 | ||
| pN2 | 3454 (16·6) | 49·4 (47·6, 51·3) | 10·1 (8·82, 11·7) | < 0·001 | ||
| pNX | 277 (1·3) | |||||
| M status | ||||||
| M0 | 18 513 (88·8) | 86·1 (85·3, 86·9) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| M1 (synchronous) | 2340 (11·2) | 34·4 (32·2, 36·5) | 7·39 (6·01, 8·01) | < 0·001 | ||
| Synchronous metastases | ||||||
| None | 18 513 (88·8) | 87·2 (86·4, 87·8) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Liver metastases only | 1229 (5·9) | 39·6 (36·7, 42·4) | 6·70 (6·08, 7·39) | < 0·001 | 3·55 (3·13, 4·03) | < 0·001 |
| Lung metastases only | 286 (1·4) | 54·5 (45·9, 62·2) | 4·24 (3·44, 5·23) | < 0·001 | 2·88 (2·23, 3·72) | < 0·001 |
| Other metastases only | 380 (1·8) | 30·2 (25·1, 35·4) | 8·46 (7·34, 9·76) | < 0·001 | 2·91 (2·41, 3·51) | < 0·001 |
| Multiple metastases | 445 (2·1) | 17·8 (14·3, 21·6) | 12·0 (10·6, 13·5) | < 0·001 | 4·55 (3·88, 5·34) | < 0·001 |
| LNR | ||||||
| 0 | 12278 (58·9) | 92·5 (91·6, 93·2) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| > 0 to < 0·1 | 2906 (13·9) | 80·2 (78·3, 82·0) | 2·89 (2·45, 3·40) | < 0·001 | 1·55 (1·32, 1·82) | < 0·001 |
| 0·1 to < 0·25 | 2524 (12·1) | 68·4 (66·2, 70·5) | 5·10 (4·40, 5·92) | < 0·001 | 2·45 (2·11, 2·84) | < 0·001 |
| ≥ 0·25 | 2847 (13·7) | 45·3 (43·2, 47·3) | 11·1 (9·69, 12·7) | < 0·001 | 4·18 (3·65, 4·80) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 298 (1·4) | |||||
| LODDS | ||||||
| ≤ −1·36 | 16 712 (80·1) | 88·0 (87·3, 88·9) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| > −1·36 to −0·53 | 1932 (9·3) | 59·9 (57·2, 62·4) | 4·03 (3·62, 4·49) | < 0·001 | ||
| > −0·53 | 1898 (9·1) | 42·0 (39·5, 44·6) | 7·54 (6·86, 8·28) | < 0·001 | ||
| Missing | 311 (1·5) | |||||
| Tumour grade | ||||||
| High/mean | 16 009 (76·8) | 83·9 (83·0, 84·6) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Low | 3914 (18·8) | 68·5 (66·6, 70·3) | 2·35 (2·15, 2·56) | < 0·001 | 1·36 (1·23, 1·50) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 930 (4·5) | |||||
| Vascular invasion | ||||||
| No | 14 357 (68·8) | 88·1 (87·3, 88·9) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 4933 (23·7) | 61·4 (59·8, 63·0) | 4·07 (3·71, 4·46) | < 0·001 | 1·24 (1·11, 1·38) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 1563 (7·5) | |||||
| Perineural invasion | ||||||
| No | 14 958 (71·7) | 86·2 (85·4, 87·0) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 2714 (13·0) | 55·3 (53·2, 57·4) | 4·06 (3·71, 4·45) | < 0·001 | 1·36 (1·22, 1·52) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 3181 (15·3) | |||||
| Mucinous tumour | ||||||
| No | 15 755 (75·6) | 81·8 (81·0, 82·6) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 3399 (16·3) | 77·9 (76·0, 79·7) | 1·34 (1·21, 1·49) | < 0·001 | ||
| Missing | 1699 (8·1) | |||||
| Acute or elective surgery | ||||||
| Elective | 18 205 (87·3) | 84·6 (83·8, 85·3) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Acute | 2641 (12·7) | 54·7 (52·4, 57·0) | 4·49 (4·13, 4·89) | < 0·001 | 1·90 (1·69, 2·13) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 7 (0·03) | |||||
| Resection of other organ | ||||||
| No | 1059 of 1325 (79·9) | 83·0 (82·2, 83·8) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 266 of 1325 (20·1) | 69·3 (67·3, 71·3) | 1·90 (1·73, 2·08) | < 0·001 | ||
| Complication | ||||||
| No | 14 643 (70·2) | 84·0 (83·1, 84·8) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 6200 (29·7) | 73·8 (72·4, 75·2) | 2·18 (2·00, 2·38) | < 0·001 | ||
| Missing | 10 (0·05) | |||||
| Infection | ||||||
| No | 19 575 (93·9) | 81·8 (81·0, 82·5) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 1268 (6·1) | 67·6 (64·1, 70·8) | 2·59 (2·30, 2·91) | < 0·001 | 1·28 (1·09, 1·51) | 0·003 |
| Missing | 10 (0·05) | |||||
| Cardiovascular event | ||||||
| No | 19 956 (95·7) | 82·0 (81·2, 82·7) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 887 (4·3) | 56·2 (49·4, 62·3) | 4·62 (4·12, 5·17) | < 0·001 | 2·54 (2·14, 3·01) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 10 (0·05) | |||||
| Primary intestinal perforation | ||||||
| No | 20 274 (97·2) | 81·3 (80·6, 82·0) | 1·00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 577 (2·8) | 68·1 (63·1, 72·5) | 1·99 (1·66, 2·37) | < 0·001 | ||
| Missing | 2 (0·01) | |||||
| Perioperative bleeding (ml) | ||||||
| 0–400 | 15 025 (72·1) | 82·8 (81·9, 83·6) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| > 400 | 4808 (23·1) | 75·9 (74·3, 77·4) | 1·45 (1·32, 1·59) | < 0·001 | 1·19 (1·07, 1·33) | 0·002 |
| Missing | 1020 (4·9) | |||||
| Sepsis, ICU admission, reoperation | ||||||
| No | 18 612 (89·2) | 82·3 (81·5, 83·0) | 1·00 (reference) | 1·00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 2231 (10·7) | 69·3 (66·8, 71·6) | 2·36 (2·14, 2·61) | < 0·001 | 1·44 (1·26, 1·65) | < 0·001 |
| Missing | 10 (0·05) | |||||
Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise;
*
values in parentheses are 95 per cent confidence intervals. EMRR, excess mortality rate ratio; LNR, lymph node ratio; LODDS, log odds of positive lymph nodes.