Table 1.

Variables, outcomes, and process measures with definitions.

Variables, outcomes, and process measures		Definition	Rationale
Independent variables
	Basic demographics	Age, gender, race and ethnicity, language, and insurance	Assess patient population
	Diagnoses	Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, stroke, DVTa, mitral valve replacement, atrial valve replacement, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and PEb	Assess prevalence of indications for anticoagulation
	SAMe-TT2R2 score (sex, age, medical history, treatment, tobacco use, and race)	A clinical scoring system designed to predict which patients on oral vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin) will reach an adequate TTRc (>65%-70%)	Assess baseline likelihood of achieving/maintaining anticoagulation control
Outcomes
	TTR	Days in range divided by total days on warfarin	Assess overall treatment efficacy
	Proportion in range	INRd values in range divided by total INR values measured	Secondary measure of treatment efficacy
	TWTRe	Days from first administration of warfarin to first therapeutic INR value	Assess efficiency of achieving therapeutic control
Process measures
	Time from out-of-range INR value to patient contact	Days until patient outreach after abnormal INR value	Assess responsiveness of the clinic to abnormal values
	Attendance rate to scheduled visits	Proportion of visits attended (completed visits divided by scheduled visits)	Assess efficiency of clinical operations
	Proportion of patients meeting monitoring guidelines	Proportion of patients who receive regular 56-day monitoring	Assess adherence to treatment guidelines (ie, nomogram)
	Appropriate duration of therapy	Observed duration (days) of anticoagulation therapy divided by recommended total duration	Assess the extent of overtreatment
	Provision of telephonic or other remote visit for anticoagulation managementf	Proportion of patients transitioned from in-person to phone visits (related to TWTR)	Assess adherence to workflow protocol and overall clinic performancef
	DOACg transitions	Proportion of eligible patients screened and/or transitioned to DOACs	Assess adherence to screening and transition protocols
Other clinical outcomes
	Bleeding complications	Incidence of bleeding during treatment	Assess the incidence of adverse events
	DVT	Incidence of DVT during treatment	Assess the incidence of adverse events
	PE	Incidence of PE during treatment	Assess the incidence of adverse events
	Ischemic stroke	Incidence of stroke during treatment	Assess the incidence of adverse events

^aDVT: deep venous thrombosis.

^bPE: pulmonary embolism.

^cTTR: time in therapeutic range.

^dINR: international normalized ratio.

^eTWTR: time from warfarin initiation to first therapeutic INR.

^fThe workflow protocol recommends that patients with international normalized ratio values consistently in range must be transitioned from in-person to telephone visits. If the intervention is effective, we would expect an increase in patients switched to remote telephonic monitoring.

^gDOAC: direct-acting oral anticoagulant.