Table 5.
Depression, anxiety, and stress scale scores at baseline and follow-up.
| Severity | n | Baseline | Follow-up | t test (df) | P value | Mean change | Minimal reliable changea | |||||
|
|
|
% | Mean (SD) | 95% CI | % | Mean (SD) | 95% CI |
|
|
|
|
|
| Depression | 37 | —b | 6.15 (8.96) | 3.17-9.15 | — | 7.08 (8.95) | 4.09-10.06 | 1.22 (35) | .22 | 0.93 | 3.86 | |
|
|
Normal | 28 | 75.7 |
|
|
67.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mild | 5 | 13.5 |
|
|
13.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate | 2 | 5.4 |
|
|
13.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severe | 0 | 0 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extremely severe | 2 | 5.4 |
|
|
5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Anxiety | 41 | — | 5.75 (6.08) | 3.83-7.67 | — | 7.80 (8.19) | 5.21-10.39 | 2.45 (39) | .02 | 2.05 | 3.85 | |
|
|
Normal | 25 | 61.0 |
|
|
56.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mild | 9 | 22.0 |
|
|
12.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate | 2 | 4.9 |
|
|
9.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severe | 3 | 7.3 |
|
|
12.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extremely severe | 2 | 4.9 |
|
|
9.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stress | 34 | — | 6.88 (6.71) | 4.53-9.22 | — | 8.58 (6.98) | 6.14-11.02 | 1.79 (32) | .08 | 1.7 | 4.90 | |
|
|
Normal | 34 | 81.0 |
|
|
69.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mild | 2 | 4.8 |
|
|
11.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate | 3 | 7.1 |
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severe | 0 | 0 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extremely severe | 3 | 7.1 |
|
|
14.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
aChange in scores required to indicate a reliable and meaningful change, as defined by Ronk et al [43].
bNot applicable.