Behavioral performance. (A) Incidental encoding task with categorization accuracy and RT. Subcategory judgments for each picture in a sequence (CUE: items that were presented four total times; 1st/2nd/3rd/4th ITEM: unique items that followed a cue in the specified order; NP: non-paired items that did not follow cues). The category for the cues was either face or scene, and there were four categories (animal, food, tool, and vehicle) for items and NP items. For main effects, Bonferroni adjusted alpha levels (α=.05/3) were applied per test. (B) Subsequent recognition task and recognition accuracy (A’) for all items, not cues, studied previously. Four options with old/new and sure/unsure were given for the response. Error bars represent SEM.