. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 3.

Published in final edited form as: J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2015 Feb 10;6(3):242–249. doi: 10.1017/S2040174415000045

Table 3.

Association between parental tobacco use during gestation and diabetes mellitus in 1801 women

	No parental tobacco	Maternal tobacco	Paternal tobacco	Parental tobacco
Number of diabetics	18	11	39	41
Number at risk	588	105	580	419
RR (95% CI)	1.0 (Reference)	3.2 (1.5–6.6)	2.1 (1.2–3.7)	3.0 (1.8–5.2)
P-value		<0.01	<0.01	<0.0001
aRR (95% CI)^a	1.0 (Reference)	2.7 (1.3–5.4)	1.7 (1.0–3.0)	2.4 (1.4–4.1)
P-value		<0.01	0.05	<0.01
aRR (95% CI)^b	1.0 (Reference)	2.6 (1.2–5.3)	1.7 (1.0–3.0)	2.4 (1.4–4.1)
P-value		<0.05	<0.05	<0.01
aRR (95% CI)^c	1.0 (Reference)	2.7 (1.4–5.3)	1.7 (1.0–2.8)	2.2 (1.3–3.7)
P-value		<0.01	0.06	<0.01

Adjusted for parental African American race, parental diabetes and parental professional employment.

Adjusted for parental African American race, parental diabetes, parental professional employment and index case birth weight categories.

Adjusted for parental African American race, parental diabetes, parental professional employment and index case body mass index categories.