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. 2020 Jan 30;13:261–271. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S228766

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© 2020 Sudirman et al.

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Effects of VP nut triterpene-rich extracts on (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-1β, and (C) IL-6 levels.

Notes: Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. The values with different letters (a–d) represent a significant (p < 0.05) difference as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test.

Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; OA, osteoarthritis; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VP, Vitellaria paradoxa.